https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/introduction-to-the-abcde-approach https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1277.mp4 Introduction to the ABCDE Approach ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Understanding the ABCDE Approach When providing care for a patient, the standard ABCDE approach is essential. This approach aligns with critical care protocols and ensures a systematic assessment and treatment plan. ABCDE stands for: Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Initial Assessment Before delving into the ABCDE breakdown, it's crucial to perform a comprehensive initial assessment and conduct regular reassessments. Prioritize addressing life-threatening issues before moving on to other aspects of the assessment. Continuously evaluate the impact of the treatments you administer. Calling for Assistance Early intervention is paramount. Don't hesitate to call for help, whether it's summoning an ambulance or a resuscitation team. Enlist the aid of bystanders to assist and manage the situation. When professional help arrives, ensure effective communication and coordination to facilitate simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Initial Treatment Goals The primary objective of initial treatments is to preserve the patient's life and achieve some degree of clinical improvement. This buys time for further treatment and the arrival of expert assistance. Keep in mind that it may take a few minutes for treatments to take effect, so maintain composure and remain vigilant. Adaptability of the ABCDE Approach The beauty of the ABCDE approach lies in its universal applicability, regardless of your level of clinical training and experience. The extent of your assessment and the treatments administered will depend on your knowledge and skills. If you encounter a problem or uncertainty, don't hesitate to seek assistance. Initial Stages Overview Prior to diving into the ABCDE approach, it's essential to adhere to certain initial stages: Ensure Personal Safety: Always prioritize your own safety. General Patient Assessment: Observe the patient's overall appearance. Assess their consciousness level by asking questions like, "How are you?" If the patient is unresponsive, gently tap them and inquire, "Are you all right?" Lack of response can be indicative of critical illness. Early Vital Signs Monitoring: Attach devices like a pulse oximeter, ECG monitor, and non-invasive blood pressure monitor as early as possible. If trained, insert an intravenous cannula promptly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2265/Introduction_to_the_ABCDE_Approach-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/oxygen-provider-course-overview- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1990.mp4 Course overview Welcome to First Aid Training 1. Course Structure Discover what's covered during this comprehensive training. 1.1 Categories and Videos The course is divided into categories, each containing multiple videos. You have the flexibility to pause and review any video as needed. We regularly update our course content, including replacements and new videos. 1.2 Course Support While this is an online course, we're here to assist you throughout. Contact us via phone, email, or our online chat for any questions or concerns. 2. Course Overview Get an overview of the course content and what to expect. 2.1 First Aid Recap Review essential first aid principles. 2.2 ABCDE Approach Learn about the ABCDE approach to patient care. 2.3 Basic Life Support Explore various aspects of basic life support. Initial Assessment The Recovery Position CPR for Adults, Infants, and Children Compression-Only CPR Improving Compressions and Breaths 2.4 Oxygen Usage Understand the importance of oxygen in patient care. Hypoxia Hazards of Breathing Oxygen Indications and Contraindications of Oxygen 2.5 Oxygen Equipment Learn about oxygen equipment, storage, and transportation. Storage of Oxygen Transport of Oxygen Cylinders Portable Suction Units 2.6 Providing Oxygen Discover methods for administering oxygen. Adult Bag-Valve Masks Non-Rebreather Masks Pocket Masks https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3967/Course_overview-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/storage-of-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1289.mp4 Storage Of Oxygen Safe Storage of Oxygen Cylinders: Guidelines and Regulations Importance of Proper Oxygen Cylinder Storage Ensuring Safety and Preventing Damage Workplace Risk Assessments: Checking for Appropriate Storage Rules General Rules for Medical Oxygen Cylinder Storage: 1. Sheltered and Dry Storage Protecting Cylinders from Environmental Extremes 2. Separation from Non-Medical Cylinders Preventing Mixing of Medical and Non-Medical Gases 3. Strict Rotation of Cylinders Ensuring First-In, First-Out Usage 4. Separation within the Storage Area Keeping Different Medical Cylinders Apart 5. Vertical Storage for F-Size Cylinders and Larger 6. Horizontal Storage for E-Size Cylinders and Smaller Adhering to Specific Storage Orientations 7. Warning Notices Prohibiting Smoking and Naked Flames 8. Emergency Services Notification Ensuring Emergency Response Awareness 9. Portable Oxygen Kits and Vehicle Storage Applying Guidelines for Safe Portable Kit and Vehicle Storage Following these guidelines for the secure storage of oxygen cylinders in compliance with workplace assessments and regulations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2297/Storage_Of_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/abcde-approach-to-patient-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1276.mp4 ABCDE Approach to Patient Care ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Exploring the ABCDE Approach Let's delve deeper into patient care by expanding the ABCD approach and adding "E" to it, transforming it into the comprehensive ABCDE approach. A - Airway The "A" in ABCDE represents the Airway. Any airway obstruction is a critical emergency, necessitating immediate expert intervention. In many cases, airway obstruction occurs due to the tongue falling to the back of the throat. To assess and maintain the airway, consider the Head Tilt – Chin Lift technique. However, if you suspect a spinal injury, opt for the Jaw Thrust method. Clearing the airway allows the casualty to breathe. B - Breathing Next, the "B" signifies Breathing. In the primary assessment of breathing, it's crucial to promptly identify and address life-threatening conditions such as the absence of breathing. Assess breathing by opening the airway, positioning your ear near their mouth to observe. Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. Ensure you can differentiate regular breathing from agonal breathing. If the casualty isn't breathing, initiate CPR immediately. Wheezing, often caused by bronchospasms, is common in conditions like anaphylaxis. Oxygen should be administered to all critically ill patients. C - Circulation The "C" denotes Circulation. Check for adequate blood circulation by assessing capillary refill in an uninjured toe or finger and by feeling for a radial pulse. While you can also check for a Carotid pulse in the neck, it provides less information about blood pressure than the radial pulse. Note that femoral pulses are typically not assessed in a pre-hospital setting. Patients in anaphylactic shock may exhibit significantly low blood pressure. D - Disability The "D" represents Disability, focusing on any abnormalities not covered in the previous assessments. For conscious patients who can communicate, inquire about unusual sensations, pain, or any abnormal feelings. This information can be invaluable, as it may reveal hidden issues not detected in the primary assessment. Internal problems like chest pain or nausea may also be disclosed by the casualty. E - Exposure Finally, "E" stands for Exposure. To conduct a thorough examination, it's essential to expose the patient fully. Some changes, such as skin abnormalities, may be difficult to discern without full exposure. Prioritize maintaining the patient's warmth and dignity during this process. Gather a comprehensive clinical history from the patient, their relatives, friends, and other healthcare staff. If possible, review the patient's medical notes and charts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. Guidelines for the ABCDE Approach When following the ABCDE approach, always seek assistance and operate within your training and qualifications. Do not attempt any procedure unless you are fully qualified and authorised to do so. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2263/ABCDE_Approach_to_Patient_Care-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/face-shields-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/100.mp4 How to use face shields Face Shields and Pocket Masks: Protection During First Aid Face shields offer a simple, effective, and affordable means of protection against coming into contact with vomit, blood, or other substances when providing rescue breaths. If you don't have a face shield or cannot give rescue breaths, you can perform chest compressions only. Types of Face Shields While packaging and design may vary, there are two main types of face shields: Filter paper: These face shields have filter paper to blow through. One-way valve: These face shields feature a one-way valve for exhalation. Both types allow you to squeeze the nose and provide a barrier against substances. Face shields are available with a pouch and keyring, so they're always at hand. All BSI first-aid kits include some form of face shield. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another type of face shield. They seal around the face and feature a one-way valve for ventilation. Air enters the patient's mouth and nose during rescue breaths. Typically, pocket masks come in a plastic case. To remove the mask, push it until it pops up. An elastic band can be placed around the patient's head to secure the mask, and an air-filled sack around the mask ensures a proper seal. Pocket masks can also be used with oxygen if available. Disposing of Face Shields Face shields are single-use only and should be disposed of safely after use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/153/How_to_use_face_sheilds-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/contra-indications-of-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1287.mp4 Contra Indications Of Oxygen The Use of Oxygen in Medical Applications: Guidelines and Precautions The Vital Role of Oxygen Understanding Oxygen's Importance in Medical Settings Recovery Promotion: Increasing Oxygen Concentrations for Healing Balance is Key: Oxygen Levels' Dual Impact on Patients Preventative Measure: Administering Oxygen in Uncertain Situations Oxygen's critical role in medical applications and the need for precautionary use. Paraquat Poisoning Considerations Special Caution with Paraquat Poisoning Exceptional Case: Rare Paraquat Poisoning and Oxygen Severe Respiratory Distress: The Only Scenario for Oxygen Use Handling Paraquat Poisoning and the specific guidelines for oxygen administration. COPD and Oxygen Use Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Unique Considerations Risk with COPD: Oxygen's Potential Harm in COPD Cases Respiratory Drive Impact: Oxygen's Effect on Breathing Managing patients with COPD, especially those retaining carbon dioxide, and the associated risks of oxygen use. Special Cases and Guidelines Specific Groups and BTS Recommendations Premature Infants: Careful Oxygen Handling in Neonatal Care Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema: Limiting Oxygen Concentrations BTS Guidelines: British Thoracic Society's Published Recommendations Special patient groups and the importance of following BTS guidelines for safe medical oxygen use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2291/Contra_Indications_Of_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/hypoxia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1318.mp4 Hypoxia Hypoxia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and First Aid Types of Hypoxia Generalized and Local Hypoxia: Different Forms of Oxygen Deprivation Generalized Hypoxia: Affecting the Entire Body Altitude-Induced Hypoxia: Oxygen Deprivation at High Elevations Hypoxia during Diving: Risks in Underwater Environments Contaminated Air Supply: Hazards and Consequences Medical Conditions: Hypoxia in Heart Attacks, Poisoning, and More Intentional Hypoxia: Altitude Training for Athletic Performance Exploring the various forms and causes of hypoxia, from high-altitude sickness to medical conditions. Symptoms of Hypoxia Recognizing Signs of Oxygen Deprivation Altitude Sickness Symptoms: Gradual Onset and Effects Severe Hypoxia Symptoms: Rapid Onset and Life-Threatening Indicators Local Hypoxia: Tissue-Specific Effects and Skin Discoloration Gangrene Risk: Severe Local Hypoxia Consequences Identifying the symptoms of hypoxia, ranging from mild altitude sickness to severe, life-threatening indicators. First Aid for Hypoxia Emergency Response and Oxygen Therapy Medical Oxygen: Treatment Option for Hypoxia Pulse Oximeter: Monitoring Oxygen Levels Recognizing Signs and Symptoms: Assessing the Patient's Condition Providing first aid for hypoxia, including the use of medical oxygen and patient assessment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2371/Hypoxia-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/hyperoxia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4286.mp4 Hyperoxia Understanding Hyperoxia: Causes, Symptoms, and Effects 1. Introduction to Hyperoxia An exploration of hyperoxia, its causes, and potential consequences. 1.1 What is Hyperoxia? Key Points: Hyperoxia is a condition characterized by an excess of oxygen in the body. It stands in contrast to hypoxia, which is oxygen deficiency. 2. Hyperoxia and Hypercapnia Examining the relationship between hyperoxia and hypercapnia and their impact on the body. 2.1 Hypercapnia in Hyperoxia Understanding the Connection: Hypercapnia results from excessive oxygen consumption, leading to carbon dioxide buildup. High carbon dioxide levels can disrupt blood acidity, potentially causing respiratory acidosis. 3. Risk Factors for Hyperoxia Identifying individuals and scenarios at risk of developing hyperoxia. 3.1 At-Risk Groups Groups Prone to Hyperoxia: Scuba divers and oxygen therapy recipients are susceptible to hyperoxia. Risk increases with exposure to high oxygen pressures and concentrations. 4. Effects of Oxygen Toxicity Exploring the three primary effects of oxygen toxicity on the human body. 4.1 Oxygen Toxicity Effects Impact on Health: Oxygen toxicity affects the Central Nervous System, eyes, and lungs. Untreated, these effects can be life-threatening or result in long-term consequences. 5. Recognizing Hyperoxia Symptoms Understanding the signs and symptoms of hyperoxia and the importance of seeking medical assistance. 5.1 Hyperoxia Symptoms Common Indicators: Symptoms may include disorientation, euphoria, respiratory issues, and seizures. Immediate medical attention is essential, particularly for individuals involved in activities like SCUBA diving, freediving, or oxygen therapy. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7699/Hyperoxia-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/pocket-mask-o2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1296.mp4 Pocket Mask with Oxygen Using a Pocket Mask for Effective Resuscitation 1. Introduction to the Pocket Mask Benefits of a Pocket Mask: The pocket mask serves as a barrier and enables the delivery of breaths to the patient. It creates a protective barrier between the rescuer and the patient. 2. Pocket Mask Components Key Components: A typical pocket mask comes in a compact case for portability. The mask is folded and secured with a clip. To prepare the mask, push it out from the case until it's ready for use. 3. Proper Mask Placement Secure Placement: Use the elastic strap to position the mask over the patient's face and secure it behind the head. This secure placement ensures effective resuscitation without constant adjustments. 4. Ensuring a Good Seal Air-Filled Sack: The mask features an air-filled sack around the outside, ensuring a tight seal around the patient's face. Rescuers can use their hands to maintain the seal while opening the airway for ventilation. 5. One-Way Valve for Safety Function of the Mouthpiece: The mouthpiece incorporates a one-way valve, allowing air to enter but preventing exhaled air from returning. This design minimizes the risk of contact with the patient's bodily fluids, such as blood or vomit. 6. Disposable and Reusable Use Disposable Nature: Pocket masks are typically disposable and should be discarded after use in real-life situations. While they can be cleaned and reused for training purposes, it's advisable to dispose of them after actual use. 7. Supplementary Oxygen Use with Supplementary Oxygen: Supplementary oxygen can be delivered using a pocket mask but only by trained individuals. An outlet on the mask allows the attachment of oxygen tubing to provide a constant oxygen supply. Oxygen flow rate should be preset to 15 litres per minute for effective resuscitation. This method can significantly increase the oxygen concentration to enhance resuscitation efforts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2325/Pocket_Mask_with_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 252 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/pulse-oximetry https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2738.mp4 Pulse Oximetry Understanding Pulse Oximetry: Proper Usage and Considerations 1. Introduction to Pulse Oximetry An in-depth guide to the use of pulse oximetry and vital considerations. 1.1 Assessing the Patient Key Patient Assessment: Evaluate the patient's color, breathing effort, and overall condition for signs of oxygen or breathing problems. Check for muscle damage, fractures, or chest injuries, as they may impact oxygen delivery. 2. Proper Usage of Pulse Oximetry Exploring the correct application and use of pulse oximetry for accurate readings. 2.1 Placement and Precautions Crucial Placement and Precautions: Pulse oximeters are typically applied to the finger, earlobe, or nasal cavities. Nail cleanliness is essential, as nail varnish can affect accuracy. Ensure there are no restrictions on blood flow to the measurement site, including tourniquets or tight clothing. Environmental factors such as room oxygen levels and carbon monoxide should be considered for accurate readings. 2.2 Capillary Refill Quick Capillary Refill Test: Perform a capillary refill test by squeezing the finger; refill should occur in under two seconds. Delayed refill may indicate blood flow restriction, potentially affecting oximeter readings. 2.3 Assessing Finger Colour Evaluating Finger Colour: Check for cyanosis in the fingertips before attaching the pulse oximeter. Cyanosis suggests an oxygen problem and should be noted. 3. Types of Pulse Oximeters Understanding the different types of pulse oximeters and their usage. 3.1 Finger Probes and Ambulance Probes Varieties of Pulse Oximeters: There are two main types: small finger probes and more complex ambulance probes. 4. Interpreting Readings Deciphering pulse oximeter readings and their implications for patient care. 4.1 Oxygen Saturation Levels Understanding Oxygen Saturation: Ideal oxygen saturation range: 95-98%. Values within this range indicate sufficient oxygen supply and normal breathing. Values below 95% suggest hypoxia and the need for oxygen supplementation. 5. Making Informed Decisions Using accurate statistics and patient data to make informed decisions regarding oxygen therapy. 5.1 Data-Driven Decisions Guidance for Decision-Making: Consider patient condition, pulse oximeter readings, and clinical assessment when determining the need for oxygen therapy. Ensure decisions are based on factual information rather than assumptions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4895/Pulse_Oximetry-01.jpg Yes 212 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/venturi-oxygen-mask https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2972.mp4 Venturi Oxygen Mask Venturi Oxygen Masks for Precise Oxygen Control 1. Introduction to Venturi Oxygen Masks Customized Oxygen Delivery: Venturi Oxygen Masks offer precise control over oxygen percentage. Especially beneficial for COPD patients to manage oxygen levels and prevent CO2 buildup. 2. Features of Venturi Oxygen Masks Variety of Options: Venturi masks come in different versions to suit various needs. Options include single-use masks, tubing, transparent masks for skin color observation, and elastic straps. Masks feature side holes for efficient air escape. Various coloured Venturi valves are available for oxygen control. 3. Oxygen Concentrations and Flow Rates Flexible Oxygen Levels: Venturi Oxygen Masks are adaptable to different flow rates, with capacities of up to 15 litres per minute. They can deliver oxygen concentrations at: 24% 28% 35% 40% 60% https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5347/Venturi_Oxygen_Mask-01.jpg Yes 149 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/how-long-does-an-oxygen-cylinder-last https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2638.mp4 How long does an Oxygen cylinder last? Calculating Oxygen Cylinder Duration Planning Oxygen Usage Determining How Long Your Oxygen Cylinder Will Last Using the Cylinder Duration Formula Estimating Oxygen Supply Time Step 1: Cylinder Pressure Locate the cylinder pressure (psi). Subtract a residual pressure of 200 psi to account for errors. Step 2: Cylinder Constant Refer to the cylinder constant values: "D" cylinder: Constant = 0.16 "E" size: Constant = 0.28 "M" size: Constant = 1.56 "G" size: Constant = 2.41 "H" and "K" size: Constant = 3.14 Choose the constant based on your cylinder size. Step 3: Flow Rate Determine the flow rate in litres per minute. Typically, regulators provide a maximum of 15 litres per minute. Specialist applications may have higher flow rates (e.g., scuba diving, 25 litres per minute). Adjust the flow rate as needed (e.g., 6 litres per minute for a nasal cannula). Step 4: Calculate Duration Use the formula: (Tank pressure - Residual pressure) x Cylinder constant / Flow rate Calculate the time in minutes that the cylinder will last. Example Calculation Estimating Duration for a "D" Cylinder at 15 Litres Per Minute Step 1: (2000 psi - 200 psi) = 1800 psi Step 2: Cylinder Constant for "D" size = 0.16 Step 3: Flow rate = 15 litres per minute Step 4: (1800 psi x 0.16) / 15 litres per minute = 19.2 minutes Estimated Duration: Approximately 19 minutes (rounded down) Use this formula to calculate the duration of your oxygen cylinder based on your specific parameters. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5251/How_long_does_an_Oxygen_cylinder_last-01.jpg Yes 167 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/pin-index-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1293.mp4 PIN INDEX cylinder Pin Index Oxygen Cylinders Introduction to Pin Index Cylinders Understanding a Different Type of Oxygen Cylinder Unique Use Cases: Specialized Applications Construction: Steel Cylinders Markings: Key Information on the Cylinder Testing Requirements: Ensuring Safety Unique Use Cases Exploring Specialized Applications Construction Steel Cylinders for Durability Markings Understanding the Cylinder's Markings Testing Requirements Ensuring the Cylinder's Safety through Testing Pin Index oxygen cylinders serve specific purposes and come with distinct features. Let's delve into their details. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2321/PIN_INDEX_cylinder-01.jpg Yes 137 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/boc-oxygen-kit https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/910.mp4 BOC Oxygen Kit LIFELINE Oxygen Kit Portable and Reliable Oxygen Support Your Essential Medical Oxygen Solution Kit Contents What's Inside the LIFELINE Kit Lightweight Oxygen Cylinder: Easy to Transport Integral Regulator: Convenient and Efficient Various Oxygen Masks: Customized Options Oxygen Delivery Flexible Oxygen Flow Rates Range: 1 to 15 Litres Per Minute Duration: Up to 30 Minutes at Highest Flow Rate Ensures Stability: Prevents Deterioration of Casualty Annual Cylinder Inspection BOC Healthcare's Quality Assurance Analyzing and Maintaining Cylinder Performance Refill and Customization Convenient Services to Meet Your Needs Next Working Day Refill Service: Prompt Support Tailoring Options: Additional Equipment Benefits Advantages of the LIFELINE Oxygen Kit Safe and User-Friendly: Suitable for All Portability: Easy to Carry Variable Flow Rates: Precise Oxygen Delivery Annual Maintenance: Reliability Assurance Refill Convenience: Timely Support Infection Risk Reduction: Minimal Patient Contact The LIFELINE Oxygen Kit offers a comprehensive solution for medical oxygen needs, ensuring portability, reliability, and ease of use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1585/BOC_Oxygen_Kit-01.jpg Yes 186 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/oxygen-regulators https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1294.mp4 Oxygen Regulators Guide to Oxygen Regulators This guide offers an in-depth look at oxygen regulators, covering both conventional and pin index systems, and their application in medical and diving scenarios. Conventional Oxygen Regulators Typically found atop oxygen cylinders, conventional regulators are commonly used in medical settings. These regulators generally have a standard output of 15 litres per minute. Pin Index System and Separate Regulators Pin index systems, often with separate regulators, can offer higher outputs, up to 25 litres per minute. This is particularly relevant in scuba diving, where higher oxygen flow rates are needed. Adjusting the Flow on Regulators To adjust the oxygen flow rate, use the knob on the regulator. The gauge indicates the pressure in the cylinder. Ensure proper alignment of locator pins and the oxygen outlet for correct setup. Setting up the Regulator To attach the regulator, line up the pins and locator pin accurately, and then tighten it just enough to secure it in place. It is important not to overtighten to avoid damage. Operating the Oxygen Cylinder Once the regulator is set up, turn on the cylinder. The gauge will indicate the pressure level. Open the valve fully, then slightly back for safety. The oxygen can then be controlled and delivered to the required system. Tips for Safe and Effective Use Always ensure the regulator is securely attached without being overtightened. Regular checks of the setup are important to confirm that everything is functioning correctly. Note: This guide is for informational purposes. Proper training and safety procedures should always be followed when handling oxygen regulators. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2323/Oxygen_Regulators-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/portable-suction-units https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/906.mp4 Portable Suction Units Preventing Vomit Inhalation During Resuscitation 1. Immediate Action Required Clearing Vomit for Safe Resuscitation: When conducting resuscitation, it's crucial to remove any vomit from the patient's mouth beforehand. Avoid the risk of the patient inhaling vomit into their lungs during resuscitation. 2. Turning the Patient Basic Vomit Removal Technique: Turn the patient on their side to facilitate vomit drainage. 3. Utilizing a Portable Suction Unit Advanced Vomit Removal Option: In a medical setting, access to a portable suction unit is available. The portable suction unit is a basic device equipped with a handle. By squeezing the handle, you can effectively remove fluids obstructing the respiratory passage. Collected fluids are stored in the connected tank for later disposal. 4. Disinfection or Disposal Cleaning and Maintenance: After usage, the tank can be disconnected, allowing for disinfection or proper disposal of the unit. 5. Read Manufacturer's Instructions Operating Guidelines: Each portable suction unit comes with specific instructions. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with these instructions in advance to be prepared for emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1577/Portable_Suction_Units-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/nasal-cannulas https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1302.mp4 Nasal Cannula Nasal Cannula: Efficient Oxygen Delivery 1. Introduction to Nasal Cannula Simple Oxygen Delivery: Nasal cannulas are devices used for oxygen delivery to patients. They connect to the constant flow outlet of an oxygen cylinder and have two small plastic prongs placed into the nostrils. 2. Oxygen Concentration Levels Adjustable Concentrations: Nasal cannulas provide oxygen at concentrations ranging from 24% to 44%, depending on factors like oxygen flow rate, the patient's nasal breathing, and speech. Higher oxygen concentrations (over 30-35%) are generally challenging to achieve with nasal cannulas. 3. Suitability and Tolerance Well-Tolerated and Limited Applicability: Nasal cannulas are suitable for patients who can breathe freely through their nose and require a lower oxygen concentration. They are generally well-tolerated and cause less discomfort compared to standard masks. Not recommended for patients needing higher oxygen concentrations. 4. Maximum Flow Rate Flow Rate and Oxygen Concentration: For safe use, the maximum flow rate should not exceed 6 litres per minute, as higher rates can lead to discomfort and issues. 5. Flow Rate vs. Oxygen Concentration Flow Rate and Corresponding Oxygen Concentrations: 1 litre per minute - 24% 2 litres per minute - 28% 3 litres per minute - 32% 4 litres per minute - 36% 5 litres per minute - 40% 6 litres per minute - 44% 6. Usage in Medical Settings Application in Medical Care: Nasal cannulas are typically not used in first aid or out-of-hospital emergency treatment as they cannot provide the higher oxygen concentrations often required in such situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2339/Nasal_Cannula-01.jpg Yes 108 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/oxygen-and-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1203.mp4 Oxygen and Anaphylaxis Oxygen Administration in Anaphylactic Reactions 1. Importance of Oxygen Swift Oxygen Delivery: Administering oxygen promptly is crucial during an anaphylactic reaction. Using an oxygen mask with a reservoir, provide the highest oxygen concentration available. 2. High Flow Oxygen Effective Oxygen Flow: Ensure a high oxygen flow rate, typically exceeding 10 litres per minute, to prevent the reservoir bag from collapsing during inhalation. Maintain continuous oxygen supply throughout the procedure. 3. Ventilation in Critical Cases Tracheal Intubation or Cessation of Breathing: If the patient's trachea is intubated or they cease breathing, utilize a self-inflating bag valve mask to ventilate the lungs. This method ensures the delivery of the highest oxygen concentration to the patient. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2149/Oxygen_and_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 51 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/demand-valves-and-mtv https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1297.mp4 Demand Valves and MTV's Demand Oxygen Valve: Essential for Specific Situations 1. Introduction to the Demand Oxygen Valve Unique Oxygen System: The demand oxygen valve differs from standard oxygen kits and is commonly found in specialized emergency ambulances. It's also utilized in the scuba diving world for providing 100% oxygen to individuals wearing masks, especially crucial in scuba diving accidents. 2. Components of the Demand Oxygen Valve Key Parts: Main True Fit Mask (Various Sizes): Ensures a secure seal around the mouth and nose, easy to take on and off. Regulator: Automatically adjusts oxygen flow based on the user's breathing rate. Manual Triggered Valve: Allows manual oxygen delivery when needed, useful during CPR. Piping: Oxygen-rated white tubing. Main Regulator with Oxygen Level Gauge: Monitors remaining oxygen supply. Continuous Oxygen Port: Compatible with various oxygen delivery devices like pocket masks, non-rebreather masks, and nasal cannulas. Additional Demand Valve Connection: Offers flexibility to add extra demand valves. Flow Rate Adjustment Knob: Allows oxygen flow rates of up to 25 litres per minute, higher than standard oxygen cylinders. 3. Pin Index System Secure Cylinder Attachment: The Pin Index System ensures a secure connection between the demand oxygen valve and the oxygen tank. It features two pins and a main oxygen feed, aligning with corresponding holes on the cylinder. Proper alignment and secure tightening are essential for safe operation. This system is crucial as it enables the demand for a higher volume of oxygen than standard medical-grade cylinders can provide. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2327/Demand_Valves_and_MTV's-01.jpg Yes 200 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/oxygen-giving-set https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4052.mp4 Oxygen Giving Set Oxygen Giving Set Usage Understanding Oxygen Giving Sets Essential Equipment for Oxygen Delivery Components of an Oxygen Giving Set Exploring the Key Elements Schrader Valve: The connection point to the oxygen supply. Glass Flow Meter: Measures oxygen flow in litres per minute with a floating ball gauge. Regulator: Controls and adjusts the oxygen flow rate. Oxygen Port: Connects to the oxygen delivery device (mask or nasal cannula). Connecting the Oxygen Giving Set Securely Attaching to the Oxygen Supply On the wall of a hospital ward or in a vehicle equipped with a plumbed-in oxygen system, you'll find an oxygen port. Follow these steps to connect the oxygen giving set: Insert the Schrader valve into the oxygen port and push until it clicks and locks in place. Turn the valve on to initiate oxygen flow. Observe the flow rate on the gauge, typically set to 15 litres per minute in cardiac arrest situations. Oxygen Delivery to the Patient Administering Oxygen Safely Connect the oxygen giving set to the oxygen delivery device, such as a mask. Adjust the flow rate as needed. The patient will receive oxygen with each breath. Monitor the patient's condition and adjust the flow rate accordingly. Turn off the oxygen and dispose of the mask properly if no longer needed. The oxygen giving set remains in place for potential further use. Disconnecting the Oxygen Giving Set Safely Removing the Equipment If you need to remove the oxygen giving set: Turn off the vehicle's oxygen supply and release pressure from the system by opening the valve. Press the circle around the Schrader valve to release it, ensuring safety by depressurizing the system before removal. Always prioritize safety when handling oxygen equipment to prevent accidents and injuries. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7233/Oxygen_Giving_Set-01.jpg Yes 235 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/what-is-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2729.mp4 What is Nitronox and Entonox Understanding Entonox (Nitronox) 1. Introduction to Entonox Nitrous Oxide Analgesic: Entonox, also known as Nitronox, is an odourless and colourless gas used for pain relief. It consists of two components: 50% oxygen and 50% Nitrogen Oxide. 2. Medical Applications Pain Relief Across Various Conditions: Entonox is employed to alleviate pain ranging from mild to severe. It is categorized under drug code N00. Commonly used in cases such as pregnancy, trauma, and chest pain. 3. Cylinder Identification Recognizing Entonox Cylinders: Entonox cylinders are distinctively white and blue, distinguishing them from oxygen cylinders. Always verify the cylinder's colour and label before administering. 4. Incompatibility with Oxygen Unique Giving Sets: Entonox and oxygen use different giving sets that are not interchangeable. They are designed to be incompatible, preventing accidental mix-ups. 5. Proper Mixing Before Use Addressing Gas Separation: Due to the composition of two different gases, Nitronox can separate within the cylinder, especially in cold weather. Before administration, the cylinder must be inverted and tipped several times to thoroughly mix the gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4875/Providing_Analgesic_Gases-01.jpg Yes 109 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/what-are-medical-gasses https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2909.mp4 What are Medical Gasses Understanding Medical Gases 1. Introduction to Medical Gases Exploring the basics of medical gases and their importance in prehospital care. 1.1 What Are Medical Gases? Defining medical gases and their significance in the prehospital context. 2. Types of Medical Gases Examining the two main types of medical gases used in healthcare. 2.1 Oxygen Key Points: Oxygen is a single gas, not a mixture. It is sterile, pure, and used for various medical situations. Recognizable by use-by date stickers. 2.2 Entonox Key Points: Entonox is a pain-relieving gas containing nitrous oxide and oxygen. Commonly used for mild pain, sprains, strains, childbirth, chest pain, and cardiac pain. Requires mixing by inverting the cylinder to ensure a proper combination of gases. Self-administered under supervision for pain relief. 3. Understanding Medical Gases as Drugs Recognizing medical gases as drugs and their careful administration. 3.1 Oxygen as a Drug Key Considerations: Oxygen is considered a drug. Used in various medical situations, especially for patients with breathing difficulties. Must be administered carefully and to appropriate patients. 3.2 Entonox as a Drug Key Considerations: Entonox is also a drug. Commonly used for pain relief. Self-administered by patients under supervision. Requires understanding of contraindications and proper administration. 4. Administering Medical Gases Exploring the rules and regulations for administering medical gases safely and effectively. 4.1 Contraindications Key Considerations: Certain medical gases may have contraindications. Understanding interactions and when not to administer is crucial. 4.2 Rules and Regulations Key Guidelines: Adherence to rules, regulations, and safety protocols is essential. Proper training and knowledge are prerequisites for administering medical gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5209/What_are_Medical_Gasses-01.jpg Yes 254 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/entonox-administration https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2722.mp4 Entonox administration Administering Entonox for Pain Relief Scenario: Dan's Dislocated Patella Dan has dislocated his left patella and is experiencing severe pain while awaiting emergency services. Initial Assessment and Pain Score Assessment and Pain Evaluation: Before administering Entonox, inquire if the patient has used it before. If it's their first time, provide guidance about potential side effects. Conduct a pain score assessment on a scale of 1 to 10 to establish a baseline. This baseline will help monitor the effectiveness of Entonox. Administering Entonox Safe Administration: Open the Entonox kit, take out the giving set, and the gas bottle. Turn on the gas bottle and insert the Schrader valve, ensuring it locks securely. Attach a one-time-use mouthpiece to the regulator or giving set. Ask the patient to place the mouthpiece in their mouth and inhale deeply while continuing to suck. Explain that they may feel light-headed; Entonox takes about 4-5 minutes to take effect and up to 10 minutes to peak. Monitor the pain score as they continue to use Entonox. Monitoring and Documentation Continuous Monitoring and Record Keeping: Stay with the patient until emergency services arrive. Continue assessing the pain score and note any changes. Document the start time, finish time, initial pain score, and pain score at handover to ambulance crew. Provide verbal handover of Entonox administration to the ambulance crew. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4861/Entonox_administration-01.jpg Yes 164 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/entonox-kit-assembly https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2723.mp4 Entonox kit assembly Assembling and Handling the Entonox Kit 1. Self-Contained Kit Complete Package: The Entonox kit is self-contained in a blue bag. When you open the bag, you'll find everything needed for patient use. Components include the regulator, mouthpiece, and the gas bottle with Schrader valve. 2. Assembly Process Step-by-Step Setup: Connect the Schrader valve on the bottle to the pipe's Schrader valve and twist until it clicks into place. Once assembled, turn on the Entonox set. Provide the assembled kit to the patient for use; Entonox is administered as the patient sucks on the tube. 3. Disassembly and Cleaning Safe Removal: After Entonox use, disassemble the kit for cleaning and storage. Remove and dispose of the one-time-use mouthpiece. Turn off the bottle to disable it. Depress the flush valve to release pressure from the pipe and regulator before detaching the pipe. Ensure depressurization to prevent accidents when disassembling. 4. Cleaning and Storage Proper Maintenance: Clean the components, including wiping them down with sterile wipes. Check the cylinder's remaining contents with the regulator. Restow the kit in its bag, reassemble, and prepare it for the next patient. 5. Documentation Record Usage: Document the use of Entonox or Nitronox on the patient report form. Provide verbal handover of drug administration to the attending medical crew. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4863/Entonox_kit_assembly-01.jpg Yes 155 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/problems-with-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2725.mp4 Problems with analgesic gas Entonox Usage: Cautionary Considerations 1. Head Injuries Challenges with Decreasing Consciousness: Entonox, an analgesic gas, can mask conscious levels. Cautious use required with head injuries; avoid usage in some cases. 2. Scuba Diving Consider All Diving Activities: Enquire about diving within the last 24 hours. Scuba diving includes not just sea diving but also pool and lake diving in the UK. 3. Abdominal Injuries Risks of Air Pockets: Abdominal injuries can lead to the formation of air pockets within the abdomen. If pain intensifies after administering Entonox, discontinue its use immediately. 4. Psychiatric Patients Effects on Mental Health: Entonox can exacerbate psychiatric conditions due to its impact on brain function. Exercise caution or consider alternatives when dealing with patients with psychological issues. If conditions worsen, cease usage promptly. 5. Abdominal Pain Potential Aggravation: Severe abdominal injuries may lead to increased pain when combined with Entonox. If pain escalates during Entonox administration, discontinue use. Regularly assess pain levels to ensure Entonox effectiveness. 6. Patient Comfort Ensuring Patient Well-Being: Entonox usage may induce unease or dizziness in adults and children. Continuous communication and reassurance are vital for patient comfort and safety. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4867/Problems_with_analgesic_gas-01.jpg Yes 126 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/introduction-to-oxygen-provider https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1052.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the Medical Gases Online Course 1. Course Overview Combining Oxygen Provider and Analgesic Gas training into one comprehensive course. 2. Ordering Oxygen or Nitronox If you require oxygen or Nitronox, contact us for competitive pricing. 3. Course Structure Video Content: Watch informative videos Knowledge Review: Answer essential questions Completion Test: Assess your understanding You have flexibility in accessing course content: Start and stop as needed Resume where you left off Revisit videos anytime Access the course on any device, switching seamlessly between devices for convenience. Tip: Pin the video to the top of your screen for text reference while watching. Subtitles are available via the CC icon. Additional help is provided for incorrect answers. 4. Certification Upon passing the test, you can download your completion certificate and other resources. 5. Resources and Support Find additional training resources and helpful links on the course homepage. We regularly update our courses to provide you with the latest material. 6. Access and Duration You'll have eight months of course access, even after completing the test. Explore our free company dashboards for workplace training solutions. 7. Stay Informed Receive Monday morning emails to keep your skills sharp, featuring new course videos and blog updates. You can opt in or out of these emails at any time. 8. Conclusion We trust you'll have an enriching learning experience. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings. Best of luck! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1785/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 140 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/how-much-entonox-should-be-given https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2726.mp4 How much analgesic gas should be given Entonox: Unique Self-Administered Analgesic 1. Self-Administration Distinctive Characteristics: Entonox is a self-administered drug, allowing patients to control their own dosage. Applicable to both adults and children, provided the child can operate the equipment correctly. 2. Safety in Self-Administration Safe Usage Guidelines: Self-administration ensures safety, as the drug induces drowsiness and decreases dosage intake as drowsiness sets in. Children can use Entonox safely, as long as they can operate the delivery system independently. 3. Priming Button Caution Importance of Proper Usage: Never use the priming button to administer Entonox; it should always be self-administered. Details on the priming button will be covered later in the course. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4869/How_much_analgesic_gas_should_be_given-01.jpg Yes 78 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/when-oxygen-is-used https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1299.mp4 When Oxygen is Used The Vital Role of Oxygen in Modern Medicine Introduction Understanding Oxygen's Historical Significance and Contemporary Importance Early Recognition: Oxygen's Respiration Support Dating Back to 1800 Medical Utilization: Oxygen's Entry into the Medical Field in 1810 Evolution of Usage: 150 Years to Widespread Medical Adoption The journey of oxygen in medicine, from its early recognition to its pivotal role today. Oxygen Therapy Advancements Progression Towards Rational and Scientific Oxygen Therapy Mid-20th Century: Transformation of Oxygen Therapy Modern Medicine: Indispensability of Oxygen Support Oxygen therapy's evolution into a rational and scientific practice, crucial in modern healthcare. Oxygen's Biological Significance Essentiality for Cell Metabolism and Physiological Function Cell Metabolism: Oxygen's Vital Role Tissue Oxygenation: Key to Normal Physiological Function Addressing Hypoxia: Elevating Inspired Oxygen Concentration Understanding how oxygen supports cellular metabolism and physiological well-being. Challenges in Oxygenation Ensuring Effective Oxygen Transfer and Adequate Ventilation Effective Oxygenation: A Prerequisite for Patient Benefit Importance of Adequate Ventilation: Maximizing Hypoxia Reversal Overcoming challenges to ensure oxygen's therapeutic benefits reach the patient. Wide Spectrum of Medical Uses Oxygen's Versatility in Diverse Medical Scenarios Anaesthetic Techniques: Foundation for Modern Anaesthesia Tissue Oxygen Restoration: Improving Options for Various Conditions Life Support: Vital for Artificially Ventilated Patients Infection Reduction: Minimizing Surgical Wound Infections Cardiovascular Stability: Aiding in Maintaining Heart Health The multifaceted applications of medical oxygen in diverse medical scenarios. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2331/When_Oxygen_is_Used-01.jpg Yes 103 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/hazards-of-using-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1290.mp4 Hazards of using oxygen Safety and Handling of Medical Oxygen: Essential Guidelines Oxygen Toxicity Hazards Understanding the Risks of Prolonged Medical Oxygen Use CNS Oxygen Toxicity: A Rare Central Nervous System Condition Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity: Rare Pulmonary Effects While rare, the hazards of medical oxygen use include CNS and pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Oxygen's Combustion Risks Recognizing the Fire Triangle Component and Combustion Dangers Fire Triangle Component: Oxygen's Role High Combustion Potential: Vigorous Burning of Materials Dangerous Combinations: Risks with Oils, Greases, Tarry Substances, and Plastics Medical oxygen strongly supports combustion and poses risks with various substances. Equipment Handling Ensuring Safe Handling, Cleaning, and Maintenance of Equipment Proper Equipment Care: Cleaning and Maintenance as Per Manufacturer's Specifications Explosion Risks: Avoiding Carbon Build-up and Sparks Indoor Use: Ensuring Adequate Ventilation and Fire Safety Guidelines for safe handling and storage of oxygen equipment and minimizing explosion risks. Use of Oxygen with AEDs Precautions When Combining Oxygen and Automated External Defibrillators Spark Risks: Removing Oxygen Mask During AED Shock Safe Equipment: Use Only Oxygen-Compatible Devices Safely combining oxygen and AEDs while considering potential sparking hazards. Storage and Transportation Proper Handling During Storage and Transportation Correct Storage: Following Manufacturer's Recommendations Warning Signs: Display in Buildings and Vehicles Safe Transport: Securing Oxygen to Prevent Damage or Injury Regular Servicing: Ensuring Equipment Fitness Guidelines for storing, transporting, and servicing oxygen equipment. Legal Considerations Understanding Legal Requirements and Risk Assessments Prescription Status: Oxygen as a Prescription Drug in Some Countries Hazardous Substance: Conducting Workplace Risk Assessments Special Requirements: Identifying Storage and Labeling Needs Legal aspects and risk assessments related to the handling of medical oxygen. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2295/Hazards_of_using_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 145 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/manufacturing-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5474.mp4 Manufacturing oxygen Manufacturing and Certification of Medical Oxygen 1. Oxygen Production at ASU Initial Manufacturing: Oxygen production begins at an Air Separation Unit (ASU). The ASU takes in atmospheric air and separates its components through distillation. Primarily, oxygen and nitrogen are extracted, while other gases are stored as a liquid. 2. Certification as a Medical Product Certification Process: The liquid oxygen undergoes a cleaning process. It is then certified as a medical product. Transported to the production facility in bulk tankers. 3. Transformation into Medical-Grade Gas Conversion to Gaseous Form: At the production facility, the liquid oxygen is transformed back into a gas. The gas is analyzed for compliance with pharmacopoeia standards. 4. Ensuring Purity and Compliance Quality Control Measures: Medical-grade oxygen must have a minimum purity of 99.5%. Additional checks include monitoring carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and moisture levels. All parameters must meet specified limits to maintain medical-grade status. 5. Ongoing Monitoring and Compliance Licensing and Product Lifecycle: Medical-grade oxygen is rigorously monitored throughout its lifecycle. Continuous assessments are conducted to detect and address any adverse reactions or issues. Due to its licensed status, strict quality control is maintained. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9735/Manufacturing_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/boc-oxygen-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5447.mp4 BOC Oxygen cylinders Comparing BOC Oxygen Cylinders: A Brief Overview 1. Introduction An examination of the BOC Oxygen cylinder, highlighting its similarities to the SOS version. 1.1 BOC Oxygen Cylinder Exploring the BOC Oxygen Cylinder: Comparing the BOC Oxygen cylinder with the SOS version. Notable similarities between the two cylinders. 2. Cylinder Details Understanding the key features and components of the BOC Oxygen cylinder. 2.1 Cylinder Design Design and Appearance: The BOC Oxygen cylinder shares a similar appearance with the SOS version. Notable features include a collar around the top with barcode indications. 2.2 Gauge and Control Gauge and Control Mechanisms: Similarities with the SOS cylinder include the presence of a gauge on the front. Explore the regulator priming process and the main on/off switch. 2.3 Flow Control Flow Rate Adjustment: Discuss the constant flow outlet and the flow rate adjustment knob on the top of the cylinder. Highlight the capability of delivering oxygen at up to 15 litres per minute. 3. Conclusion Summarizing the key points about the BOC Oxygen cylinder and its similarities to the SOS version. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9695/BOC_Oxygen_cylinders-01.jpg Yes 69 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/labelling-transport-o2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5466.mp4 Labelling and transport of oxygen Guidelines for Transporting Medical Oxygen 1. Displaying Compressed Gas Sign Use of the Compressed Gas Sign: When transporting medical oxygen on a vehicle, display the green diamond sticker (100 ml x 100 ml) known as the compressed gas sign. However, do not keep the sticker on the vehicle if you are not carrying any cylinders. 2. Easy-to-Attach Magnets Convenient Signage Solution: We provide magnets that can be easily attached to and detached from the vehicle. The reason for removing the signage without cylinders on board is to avoid ambiguity in case of accidents. Emergency services may assume cylinders are present and take appropriate precautions. 3. Understanding Water Capacity Measuring Cylinder Size: Cylinder sizes are measured in water capacity. For example, a two-litre cylinder, when filled with water without compression, holds two litres. Scale this up to 1,000 litres for better understanding. 4. Maximum Cylinder Limit Stay Within Safe Limits: Consider the 1,000 litres water capacity when calculating the number of cylinders your vehicle can carry. For instance, our largest 40-litre cylinders can be transported up to a limit of 25 before complying with ADR regulations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9721/Labelling_and_transport_of_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/the-entonox-regulator https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2728.mp4 The Analgesic Gas Regulator Entonox Regulator: Features and Usage 1. Unique Schrader Valve Designed for Safety: On one end of the pipe, there's a Schrader valve. The Schrader valve is exclusive to Entonox cylinders and won't fit oxygen cylinders, ensuring accident prevention. The blue and white colour scheme of the pipe clearly identifies it as an Entonox giving set. The regulator head is also colour-coded blue and white to eliminate any chances of confusion. 2. Adjustable Regulator Head Flexible Control: The regulator head is adjustable and pivotable. It features a flush button, primarily used for depressurization when detaching the cylinder or pipe. The flush button should not be used for administering Entonox. At the top, there's a blower valve, and the patient receives the Entonox through a dedicated port. 3. Sterile Mouthpiece Single-Use and Hygienic: The port for patient inhalation includes a sterile, sealed mouthpiece. The mouthpiece has a flat part designed for insertion into the patient's mouth. It's a one-time use item, ensuring hygiene and avoiding multiple use. 4. One-Way Valve Preventing Contamination: A one-way valve in the system prevents vapour, spit, or sputum from flowing back into the unit. This valve maintains the cleanliness of the Entonox delivery system. 5. Self-Administration Proper Usage: When self-administering Entonox, patients must understand how it works. The patient initiates gas administration by sucking on the pipe. Entonox will only be administered when the patient actively engages by sucking; no suction means no gas delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4873/The_Analgesic_Gas_Regulator-01.jpg Yes 121 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/the-entonox-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2727.mp4 The Analgesic Gas Cylinder Oxygen vs. Entonox Cylinders: A Comparison 1. Cylinder Appearance Distinguishing Features: Oxygen Cylinder: Completely white in color Entonox Cylinder: Blue and white chequered neck 2. Cylinder Labeling Identification Details: Oxygen Cylinder: Labeled with "Oxygen" down the side Entonox Cylinder: Labeled with "Entonox" or "Nitronox" on the cylinder 3. Size Comparison Size Distinction: Entonox Cylinders are typically slightly smaller than oxygen cylinders. Entonox cylinders do not come with a regulator and mask since they are designed for self-administration. 4. Common Components Shared Cylinder Components: Both types of cylinders include a contents gauge, an on/off button, a Schrader valve, and a filling port. Notably, Entonox cylinders lack the regulator found on oxygen cylinders. 5. Expiry Dates Important Dates: Both types of cylinders have expiry dates, as they contain drugs. Oxygen cylinders generally have a longer lifespan compared to Nitronox or Entonox cylinders and their gas content. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4871/The_Analgesic_Gas_Cylinder-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/maintenance-transport-storage https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2724.mp4 Entonox maintenance, transport and storage Entonox Maintenance, Transport, and Storage Safe Storage in a Vehicle Secure Storage: Store Entonox safely in a vehicle to prevent it from becoming a hazard during sudden movements or stops. Use an appropriate bag, marked in blue, to distinguish it from oxygen tanks. The case protects the bottle and helps maintain the correct gas mixture. Invert the cylinder two or three times when removing it from the bag to mix the gases. Safety Checks and Service Dates Annual Safety Checks: Refer to local trust or service policies for specific guidelines. Inspect the regulator or giving set annually, marked with a service date sticker. Ensure proper drug delivery rates and overall safety. Examine the pipe for cracks, leaks, or splits, and note its service or use-by date. Cylinder Inspection and Batch Dates Cylinder Integrity: Cylinders contain the drug mixture and must undergo regular checks. Look for batch dates on the drug for tracking purposes. Check the filling date and expiry date of the cylinder. Replace cylinders when they fall below one-quarter full to prevent contamination. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4865/Entonox_maintenance__transport_and_storage-01.jpg Yes 136 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/medical-gases-bag https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5444.mp4 Medical gases bag Medical Gases Backpack: Oxygen and Analgesic Gas Multi-Purpose Backpack Flexible and Efficient: This backpack serves dual purposes, accommodating both oxygen and analgesic gas. It is clearly labelled for easy identification, featuring both "analgesic gas" and "oxygen" markings. The backpack is designed for convenience, offering a user-friendly backpack-style design. Easy Access Design Accessible Compartments: Opening the backpack reveals organized compartments with essential items for pain management and oxygen administration. Suction equipment for airway clearance is readily available. A Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) with adapters ensures proper ventilation. Various airway devices, including supraglottic airways, nasal airways, and OP airways, are neatly stored. Selection of different masks, including adult and child non-rebreather masks and Venturi masks, is provided. Additional supplies, such as nasal cannulas and oxygen tubing, are on hand for various applications. Mouthpieces for analgesic gas cylinders are conveniently located in the bag. Gas Cylinder Accessibility Gas Cylinder Placement: Both oxygen and analgesic gas cylinders are securely stored in the backpack for easy access. Oxygen cylinder placement allows easy access to controls and gas identification. Analgesic gas cylinder placement facilitates quick retrieval for administration. The backpack enables the removal of the analgesic gas cylinder, making it patient-administered. Convenient Solution All-in-One Efficiency: Utilizing this backpack streamlines the process, especially when both oxygen and analgesic gas are required. Having all essential equipment in one backpack eliminates the need for separate bags. All necessary resuscitation items are conveniently stored in a single, easily transportable bag. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9693/Medical_gases_bag-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/cylinder-storage-and-maintenance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5468.mp4 Cylinder storage and maintenance Safe Storage of Cylinders: Guidelines and Recommendations 1. Accessible Storage for Emergency Use Ensuring Availability for First Aiders: Cylinders should not be locked away, especially in premises like doctor surgeries and dental clinics. Readily accessible cylinders enable quick access for first aiders in case of emergencies. 2. Separate Storage Preventing Mixing with Other Cylinder Types: Do not store medical cylinders with other types, including industrial or gas cylinders. 3. Safe Location Optimal Storage Conditions: Avoid storing cylinders in extreme heat, near naked flames, or in areas with oil and grease exposure. Provide undercover storage to protect cylinders from outdoor elements. 4. Maintenance and Condition Ensuring Readiness for Use: Maintain cylinders in a clean and good condition at all times. Store them appropriately in cupboards or dedicated cylinder bags to maintain cleanliness. Report any signs of damage to the supplier for prompt replacement. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9725/Cylinder_storage_and_maintenance-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/obtaining-medical-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5469.mp4 Obtaining medical oxygen Compliance with MHRA Regulations for Medical Oxygen Suppliers 1. Annual Customer Credential Checks Ensuring Compliance: As suppliers, we are required to verify the credentials of our customers in compliance with MHRA regulations. Annual checks are conducted to validate customer credentials. 2. Acceptable Credentials Valid Credential Types: Credentials may include: First-aid certificates explicitly mentioning the use of medical oxygen or medical gases. Doctor's registration details, including name and GMC number. Nurse credentials with their NMC number. Paramedic qualifications, and more. These credentials are subject to annual verification and renewal upon expiration. 3. Safe Transport of Medical Oxygen Transporting Oxygen Safely: First aiders transporting medical oxygen should use specific cylinder bags with straps for securing one or two cylinders in their vehicle. We recommend displaying a green compressed gas sign on the vehicle, preferably a magnet version for easy removal when not carrying cylinders. Leaving signage on the vehicle when no cylinders are present can cause confusion during emergencies. 4. Secure Storage During Transport Safe Stowage in Vehicles: Medical gases must be stored securely in vehicles, ideally behind a bulkhead or in the boot, to prevent them from moving forward and causing harm in case of an accident. Avoid placing cylinders on seats where they can easily fall or become dislodged. Ensure that medical gases are always kept in a secure and stable manner. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9727/Obtaining_medical_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 115 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/transport-of-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1298.mp4 Transport of Cylinders Safe Transport and Use of Medical Oxygen Cylinders Transporting Medical Oxygen Cylinders Ensuring Safety on the Move Location and Restraint: Proper Cylinder Placement Leak Prevention: Ensuring Cylinder Integrity Driver Awareness: Hazards and Emergency Response Location and Restraint Key Steps for Safe Cylinder Transport Leak Prevention Protecting Cylinders from Potential Leaks Driver Awareness Equipping Drivers with Essential Knowledge It is crucial to follow these guidelines for the secure transport and use of medical oxygen cylinders in vehicles, ensuring the safety of all involved. Using Medical Oxygen Within a Vehicle Safety Measures for In-Vehicle Oxygen Usage No Smoking: Ensuring Smoke-Free Environments Minimal Cylinders: Efficient Gas Supply Proper Restraint: Securing Cylinders Valve Management: Cylinder Valve Guidelines Ventilation: Maintaining Fresh Air Attentiveness: Preventing Unattended Cylinders No Smoking Strict Smoking Prohibition in Vehicles Minimal Cylinders Carrying Only What's Necessary Proper Restraint Securing Cylinders During Transport Valve Management Guidelines for Cylinder Valve Usage Ventilation Maintaining Adequate Vehicle Ventilation Attentiveness Preventing Unattended Cylinders in Vehicles Adhering to these safety measures is essential when using medical oxygen within a vehicle, promoting safety during journeys and activities. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2333/Transport_of_Cylinders-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/analgesic-brands https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5470.mp4 Analgesic brands Analgesic Gases: Trade Names and Composition 1. Introduction Distinguishing Analgesic Gases from Medical Oxygen: Analgesic gases have distinct trade names, unlike medical oxygen. Medical oxygen is commonly known simply as "medical oxygen" without a specific trade name. 2. Trade Names for Analgesic Gases Variety in Marketing Terms: Manufacturers of analgesic gases use unique marketing terms and trade names for their products due to the gas mixture's complexity. For instance, our product is named "Nitronox" based on our manufacturer's product name and marketing terminology. Another widely recognized trade name is "Entonox," used by a different manufacturer. 3. Commonality in Product Same Composition Inside the Cylinder: Despite differing trade names, all analgesic gas products share the same composition when contained in the cylinder. Analogous to referring to a vacuum cleaner as a "Hoover," these trade names are synonymous. 4. Nitronox Composition Mixture of Two Gases: Nitronox consists of two gases: 50% medical oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. The gases are meticulously blended and analyzed to meet Pharmacopoeia standards. 5. Third-Party Filler Outsourcing Cylinder Filling: We utilize a third-party filler for cylinder filling due to licensing requirements. The third-party filler possesses a product license, while we hold a license for product distribution. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9729/Analgesic_brands-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/cylinder-sizes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5467.mp4 Cylinder sizes Understanding Oxygen and Analgesic Gas Cylinder Sizes 1. Oxygen Cylinder Sizes Exploring the various sizes of oxygen cylinders and their applications. 1.1 Available Sizes Available Oxygen Cylinder Sizes: 1 litre 2 litres 2.7 litres 8 litres 10 litres 40 litres 1.2 Diverse Industry Needs Diverse Industry Applications: Each cylinder size caters to specific industries and customer requirements. Varying sizes ensure a comprehensive range of options for different needs. 1.3 Examples of Usage Examples of Cylinder Use: Dentists typically require a 2.7-litre cylinder, exceeding minimum oxygen guidelines. GP surgeries utilize 10-litre cylinders for treatment rooms and additional gas needs. Ambulances incorporate 10-litre cylinders for pipeline systems. Paramedics on bicycles use compact 1-litre cylinders for lightweight mobility. Hospitals employ 40-litre cylinders in piped systems for specific wards and treatment rooms. 2. Analgesic Gas Cylinder Sizes Understanding the range of sizes available for analgesic gas cylinders. 2.1 Analgesic Gas Cylinder Varieties Varied Sizes for Analgesic Gas: Analgesic gas cylinders come in sizes of 1 litre, 2 litres, and 10 litres. 2.2 Tailored to Customer Needs Customized Solutions for Different Customers: The selection of cylinder sizes is based on diverse customer needs and industry requirements. 2.3 Usage Scenarios Scenarios for Analgesic Gas Cylinder Use: First aiders and paramedics often opt for 1-litre cylinders, ideal for mobility and events. 10-litre cylinders find application in treatment centers and GP surgeries, especially during minor surgeries. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9723/Cylinder_sizes-01.jpg Yes 152 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/nitronox-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5472.mp4 Nitronox cylinders Nitronox Cylinders: Features and Components 1. Cylinder Appearance Distinctive Colour: The shoulder of Nitronox cylinders is quartered, featuring blue and white sections. White signifies the 50% medical oxygen content, while blue represents the nitrous oxide content. The cylinder body itself is predominantly white, resembling an oxygen cylinder. 2. Cylinder Labeling Essential Information: Nitronox cylinders are equipped with barcode labels containing vital data, including expiry dates, batch numbers, and fill dates. Shoulder markings may include the cylinder's serial number, manufacture dates, or test dates. These cylinders have a 10-year lifespan and can be retested for another 10 years if they pass examination, indicated by a stamp. Product labels display the manufacturer's details, contact numbers, and safety instructions for handling the gas. 3. Cylinder Regulators Integral Regulators: Nitronox cylinders commonly feature integral regulators that cannot be detached. The regulator is equipped with a contents gauge, providing real-time gas quantity information. A quick-connect or Schrader-type connector is present for attaching ancillary equipment like demand valves. An on-off switch on the cylinder allows gas flow into the regulator from the cylinder itself. 4. Cylinder Charge Port Filling Point: A charge port on the cylinder, sealed with a dust cap, is where the cylinders are filled at the production facility. 5. Demand Valves Key Components: Demand valves used with Nitronox cylinders consist of a quick-connect Schrader-type probe for attachment to the cylinder's regulator. A hose, typically 1.5 meters or 3 meters long, extends from the probe to the demand valve. The demand valve features a test button for system testing and purging. Gas release from the demand valve occurs when it senses a patient's inhalation, allowing for self-administration of the gas. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9737/Nitronox_cylinders-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/standard-oxygen-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1295.mp4 Standard oxygen cylinder Medical Oxygen Cylinder Components The Cylinder Itself Key Information About the Cylinder Water Capacity: Measuring Cylinder Size Identification Numbers: Serial Numbers and More Life Cycle: 10-Year Re-Testing Cylinder Appearance: Pure White Design Labels: Information and Tracking Regulators: Integral Regulators Water Capacity Measuring the Size of the Cylinder Identification Numbers Understanding Serial Numbers and More Life Cycle 10-Year Re-Testing and Renewal Cylinder Appearance The Distinctive Pure White Design Labels Information and Tracking on the Cylinder Regulators The Role of Integral Regulators Medical oxygen cylinders consist of various components, each with its own specific role and information. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2329/Standard_oxygen_cylinder-01.jpg Yes 171 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/oxygen-safety https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5473.mp4 Oxygen safety Safety Guidelines for Medical Oxygen and Nitronox Cylinders 1. Product Label Guidance Key Safety Information: Each cylinder is equipped with a product label containing important guidelines. Pay close attention to the dos and don'ts provided on the label. 2. Fire Risk Mitigation Managing the Main Risk: The primary risk associated with medical oxygen is fire. Oxygen enrichment significantly increases the potential for combustion. Ensure cylinders are not stored near naked flames or exposed to extreme heat. Keep them away from environments with oil and grease, as they can react with oxygen. 3. Nitronox Cylinder Safety Similar Precautions Apply: Since Nitronox contains 50% oxygen, safety measures mirror those for medical oxygen. 4. Handling Damaged Cylinders Dealing with Physical Damage: If a cylinder displays signs of physical damage, isolate it immediately. Attach a label or secure it in a locked cabinet to prevent use. Contact the supplier promptly to arrange a cylinder replacement. 5. Transporting Damaged Cylinders Exercising Caution During Transport: If a damaged cylinder needs transportation, proceed with caution. Consider contacting the supplier for on-site collection. If necessary, set the cylinder to low flow rates and vent it outdoors, not indoors. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9733/Oxygen_safety-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/first-aid-recap https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1300.mp4 First Aid Recap Welcome to the Oxygen Course 1. Course Assumptions Before we begin, let's clarify some prerequisites and assumptions. 1.1 Basic First Aid Knowledge We assume you have a foundation in basic CPR, recovery position, and first aid. 2. Oxygen in First Aid Understanding the role of oxygen in first aid and CPR. 2.1 Oxygen as a Supplement Oxygen administration is an extension of standard first aid procedures. Important: CPR and initial care remain unchanged; oxygen is supplementary. 2.2 Focus of This Course Exploring the specific use of oxygen during CPR. Whether using a bag ventilation mask or pocket mask, core principles and ratios apply. 2.3 Oxygen for Breathing and Unconscious Patients Applying supplementary oxygen when dealing with various medical scenarios. Note: Core first aid and basic life support rules remain consistent. 3. Additional Resources Options for further learning and training support. 3.1 First Aid Course Refresher If you require a refresher or more foundational knowledge, consider our Pro BLS course or other first aid courses. 3.2 Advanced Oxygen Training For advanced practical use of oxygen, explore our first responder courses as a valuable complement to this course. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2335/First_Aid_Recap-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/when-would-you-use-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2730.mp4 When would you use analgesic gas Entonox (Nitronox) Usage: Assessments and Indications 1. Introduction Understanding Entonox (Nitronox): Entonox is a pain-relieving gas, classified as a drug. Prior to administration, thorough assessments are essential to ensure patient suitability and avoid potential complications. 2. Considerations for Use Assessing Patient Suitability: Before administering Entonox, consider the following: Head Injuries: Patients with head injuries require careful evaluation, especially if their consciousness fluctuates. Entonox may impact mental capacity and alter the patient's condition. Distinguishing between gas-related effects and underlying issues is crucial. Pregnancy and Childbirth: Entonox is commonly used during pregnancy and childbirth as an effective pain relief measure. However, thorough checks are still necessary to ensure its appropriateness for the patient. Psychiatric Patients: Patients with mental disorders may experience exacerbation of their conditions when exposed to Entonox. Caution is advised, and its use may be contraindicated in such cases. 3. Indications for Entonox (Nitronox) Assessment for Safe Usage: Before administering Entonox, it is imperative to: Ensure Clear Diagnosis: Understand the patient's condition thoroughly, as contraindications and potential complications exist. No Masking of Problems: Entonox provides short-term pain relief, with an onset time of 5 to 10 minutes. It does not conceal underlying issues, as its effects are temporary. Consider Specific Conditions: Assess whether the patient has any of the following conditions or history, which may impact Entonox suitability: Head Injuries Diving within the last 24 hours (e.g., risk of decompression sickness) Abdominal injuries or trauma (potential for air bubbles in the chest) Psychological or psychiatric problems that could worsen with gas exposure Administer with Caution: Remember that Entonox is a drug, and proper assessment and understanding of its purpose, administration, and recipient are prerequisites. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4877/When_would_you_use_analgesic_gas-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/copd-and-oxygen-therapy https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4287.mp4 COPD and Oxygen Therapy Understanding COPD: Causes, Oxygen Levels, and Management 1. Introduction to COPD An overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its impact on lung function. 1.1 What is COPD? Key Points: COPD affects lung function, impacting oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. Approximately 1.2 million diagnosed cases of COPD in the UK. Actual prevalence may be higher. 2. Causes of COPD Exploring the primary factors contributing to the development of COPD. 2.1 Leading Causes Key Factors: Major contributors include air pollution and particulate work environments. Smoking is the most significant risk factor for COPD. 3. Prevalence of COPD Understanding the prevalence of COPD and its ranking among lung conditions in the UK. 3.1 COPD Statistics Key Insights: COPD is the second most commonly diagnosed lung condition in the UK. Asthma ranks as the leading lung condition. 4. Oxygen Saturation in COPD Examining the critical oxygen saturation levels for individuals with COPD. 4.1 Oxygen Saturation Levels Important Guidelines: Normal oxygen saturation: 95-100% for individuals without COPD. Target range for COPD patients: 88-92%. 4.2 Hyperoxic Hypercapnia Understanding the Risk: Excessive oxygen levels can lead to hyperoxic hypercapnia in COPD patients. Hypercapnia results from increased carbon dioxide production due to hyperoxia. 5. Managing COPD Exploring strategies for effectively managing COPD, including oxygen therapy. 5.1 Importance of Oxygen Management Key Considerations: Regular maintenance of oxygen levels is crucial for COPD patients. Use of venturi masks to deliver specific oxygen concentrations. Frequent monitoring of oxygen saturation levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7697/COPD_and_Oxygen_Therapy-01.jpg Yes 119 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/medical-gas-storage https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2905.mp4 Medical gas storage Safe Storage and Handling of Medical Gases Appropriate Storage Key Considerations: Medical gases are classified as drugs and require proper storage. Store in a lockable, well-ventilated area of sufficient size. Implement a system for regularly changing date stamps on gas cylinders. Keep a log of all medical gas transactions to monitor cylinder usage. Flammability and Safety Handling Precautions: Oxygen and medical gases are highly flammable; they ignite at high temperatures. Prevent contact with greases and oils to avoid combustion. Store at normal room temperature in a locked area, preferably outdoors. Safe Cylinder Handling Protective Measures: Exercise caution when exchanging cylinders to avoid damage. Cylinders are made of materials like aluminium, carbon fibre, or steel. The regulator, headsets, and gauges are plastic and vulnerable to impact. Securely fasten cylinders to prevent them from becoming projectiles in case of accidents. Organizational Policies Compliance and Guidelines: Adhere to your organization's policies and procedures for oxygen cylinder storage and exchange. Secure Storage in Vehicles Vehicle Safety: Fix cylinders in place inside the vehicle to prevent them from rolling during travel. Never allow cylinders to roam freely inside the vehicle, especially in the event of a collision. Keep cylinders in a kit bag or storage container in the car's boot (trunk). Separate Empty and Full Cylinders Proper Organization: Empty and full cylinders should always be stored separately. Change the regulator gauge when cylinders are around a quarter full to maintain pressure and sterility. Regularly check cylinder contents to ensure they are full before use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5203/Medical_gas_storage-01.jpg Yes 281 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/medical-level-2/video/non-rebreather-masks https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1301.mp4 Non Rebreather Mask Using a Non-Rebreather Mask for Oxygen Administration 1. Introduction to the Non-Rebreather Mask Overview: The non-rebreather mask is a common device for oxygen administration. It is typically supplied in plastic bags and consists of a mask and tubing. 2. Non-Rebreather Mask Components Key Components: The mask is usually flat and can be opened for use. A metal piece at the top of the mask helps secure it over the nose. Elastic straps ensure a snug fit around the patient's head. The mask has inlet ports for oxygen flow and a reservoir bag. One-way valves on the mask allow exhalation without rebreathing exhaled air. 3. Setting Up the Non-Rebreather Mask Assembly and Connection: Connect the tubing to the mask; these fittings are typically push-fit. Attach the other end of the tubing to the oxygen cylinder valve. Ensure that the oxygen flow rate is set to 15 litres per minute. 4. Using the Non-Rebreather Mask Proper Application: If the bag is not fully inflated, prime it by briefly covering the mask's inlet. Fit the mask over the patient's mouth and nose. Adjust the elastic straps for a secure and comfortable fit. Explain the use of oxygen to the patient and gain their consent. 5. Monitoring and Caution Monitoring Breathing: Continuous monitoring of the patient's breathing is essential. Ensure the oxygen cylinder is positioned to prevent kinks or damage to the tubing. 6. Special Considerations with Neck Collars Using the Mask with Neck Collars: For patients with neck collars, fit the mask as usual. Instead of securing the elastic behind the head, hook it onto designated pegs on the mask. Adjust the elastic for a snug fit without compromising neck stability. Ensure oxygen management during patient transport to prevent mask dislodgment. 7. Conclusion Effective Oxygen Administration: The non-rebreather mask is a valuable tool for oxygen administration in various scenarios. Proper usage and careful monitoring are crucial to ensure patient safety and oxygen effectiveness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2337/Non_Rebreather_Mask-01.jpg Yes 388 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/course-introduction-to-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2633.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the Analgesic Gases Online Course Your Comprehensive Training Resource for Nitronox and Entonox Course Overview Unlock the World of Analgesic Gases: Gain valuable insights into using analgesic gases such as Nitronox and Entonox. Meet your training requirements and learn how to access these gases from suppliers. For Nitronox inquiries, contact us to explore competitive package options. Course Features Flexible Learning at Your Fingertips: Access a series of informative videos, complete knowledge review questions, and finish with a short test. Pause and resume the course at your convenience, picking up right where you left off. Revisit videos whenever needed, even after course completion. Compatible with various devices, seamlessly switch from computer to smartphone or tablet. Pin videos to the top of your screen for simultaneous text reading. Toggle subtitles with the CC icon for enhanced understanding. Receive extra assistance for incorrect answers during your training journey. Course Completion Achievement and Resources: Upon passing the test, access and print your completion certificate and additional resources. Discover a wealth of training support and links on the course homepage. Ongoing Learning Stay Informed and Updated: Enjoy eight months of course access from your start date, even after test completion. Explore our free company dashboards for workplace training management. Contact us via email, phone, or online chat for company solutions inquiries. Receive weekly email updates, including new course content and blog news (unsubscribe anytime). We trust you'll have a rewarding learning experience with ProTrainings. Best of luck on your course! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4659/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 144 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/entonox-overviewentonox-overview https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2721.mp4 Course overview Welcome to the Analgesic Gases Training Course Course Structure Exploring Course Contents: Discover the course's breakdown into categories, each containing multiple instructional videos. Enjoy the flexibility to pause and revisit any course video at your convenience. Stay informed about course updates, including video replacements and new additions. Support and Contact Assistance When You Need It: Although online, we're here to help—reach out to us via phone, email, or our website's chat facility. Course Progression Structured Learning Path: Follow the course videos sequentially for a comprehensive understanding of the course content. Course Sections Exploring Key Topics: Here's a glimpse of what each section covers: Analgesic Gases Overview: Understand what analgesic gases are, their purposes, and when they are used. Gas Composition: Examine the components of analgesic gas, its delivery mechanisms, and dosages. Gas Administration: Learn the process of administering analgesic gases. Safe Storage: Discover best practices for securely storing analgesic gases and potential associated issues. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4859/Course_overview-01.jpg Yes 71 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/when-would-you-use-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2730.mp4 When would you use analgesic gas Entonox (Nitronox) Usage: Assessments and Indications 1. Introduction Understanding Entonox (Nitronox): Entonox is a pain-relieving gas, classified as a drug. Prior to administration, thorough assessments are essential to ensure patient suitability and avoid potential complications. 2. Considerations for Use Assessing Patient Suitability: Before administering Entonox, consider the following: Head Injuries: Patients with head injuries require careful evaluation, especially if their consciousness fluctuates. Entonox may impact mental capacity and alter the patient's condition. Distinguishing between gas-related effects and underlying issues is crucial. Pregnancy and Childbirth: Entonox is commonly used during pregnancy and childbirth as an effective pain relief measure. However, thorough checks are still necessary to ensure its appropriateness for the patient. Psychiatric Patients: Patients with mental disorders may experience exacerbation of their conditions when exposed to Entonox. Caution is advised, and its use may be contraindicated in such cases. 3. Indications for Entonox (Nitronox) Assessment for Safe Usage: Before administering Entonox, it is imperative to: Ensure Clear Diagnosis: Understand the patient's condition thoroughly, as contraindications and potential complications exist. No Masking of Problems: Entonox provides short-term pain relief, with an onset time of 5 to 10 minutes. It does not conceal underlying issues, as its effects are temporary. Consider Specific Conditions: Assess whether the patient has any of the following conditions or history, which may impact Entonox suitability: Head Injuries Diving within the last 24 hours (e.g., risk of decompression sickness) Abdominal injuries or trauma (potential for air bubbles in the chest) Psychological or psychiatric problems that could worsen with gas exposure Administer with Caution: Remember that Entonox is a drug, and proper assessment and understanding of its purpose, administration, and recipient are prerequisites. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4877/When_would_you_use_analgesic_gas-01.jpg Yes 161 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/medical-gas-storage https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2905.mp4 Medical gas storage Safe Storage and Handling of Medical Gases Appropriate Storage Key Considerations: Medical gases are classified as drugs and require proper storage. Store in a lockable, well-ventilated area of sufficient size. Implement a system for regularly changing date stamps on gas cylinders. Keep a log of all medical gas transactions to monitor cylinder usage. Flammability and Safety Handling Precautions: Oxygen and medical gases are highly flammable; they ignite at high temperatures. Prevent contact with greases and oils to avoid combustion. Store at normal room temperature in a locked area, preferably outdoors. Safe Cylinder Handling Protective Measures: Exercise caution when exchanging cylinders to avoid damage. Cylinders are made of materials like aluminium, carbon fibre, or steel. The regulator, headsets, and gauges are plastic and vulnerable to impact. Securely fasten cylinders to prevent them from becoming projectiles in case of accidents. Organizational Policies Compliance and Guidelines: Adhere to your organization's policies and procedures for oxygen cylinder storage and exchange. Secure Storage in Vehicles Vehicle Safety: Fix cylinders in place inside the vehicle to prevent them from rolling during travel. Never allow cylinders to roam freely inside the vehicle, especially in the event of a collision. Keep cylinders in a kit bag or storage container in the car's boot (trunk). Separate Empty and Full Cylinders Proper Organization: Empty and full cylinders should always be stored separately. Change the regulator gauge when cylinders are around a quarter full to maintain pressure and sterility. Regularly check cylinder contents to ensure they are full before use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5203/Medical_gas_storage-01.jpg Yes 281 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/problems-with-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2725.mp4 Problems with analgesic gas Entonox Usage: Cautionary Considerations 1. Head Injuries Challenges with Decreasing Consciousness: Entonox, an analgesic gas, can mask conscious levels. Cautious use required with head injuries; avoid usage in some cases. 2. Scuba Diving Consider All Diving Activities: Enquire about diving within the last 24 hours. Scuba diving includes not just sea diving but also pool and lake diving in the UK. 3. Abdominal Injuries Risks of Air Pockets: Abdominal injuries can lead to the formation of air pockets within the abdomen. If pain intensifies after administering Entonox, discontinue its use immediately. 4. Psychiatric Patients Effects on Mental Health: Entonox can exacerbate psychiatric conditions due to its impact on brain function. Exercise caution or consider alternatives when dealing with patients with psychological issues. If conditions worsen, cease usage promptly. 5. Abdominal Pain Potential Aggravation: Severe abdominal injuries may lead to increased pain when combined with Entonox. If pain escalates during Entonox administration, discontinue use. Regularly assess pain levels to ensure Entonox effectiveness. 6. Patient Comfort Ensuring Patient Well-Being: Entonox usage may induce unease or dizziness in adults and children. Continuous communication and reassurance are vital for patient comfort and safety. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4867/Problems_with_analgesic_gas-01.jpg Yes 126 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/the-entonox-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2727.mp4 The Analgesic Gas Cylinder Oxygen vs. Entonox Cylinders: A Comparison 1. Cylinder Appearance Distinguishing Features: Oxygen Cylinder: Completely white in color Entonox Cylinder: Blue and white chequered neck 2. Cylinder Labeling Identification Details: Oxygen Cylinder: Labeled with "Oxygen" down the side Entonox Cylinder: Labeled with "Entonox" or "Nitronox" on the cylinder 3. Size Comparison Size Distinction: Entonox Cylinders are typically slightly smaller than oxygen cylinders. Entonox cylinders do not come with a regulator and mask since they are designed for self-administration. 4. Common Components Shared Cylinder Components: Both types of cylinders include a contents gauge, an on/off button, a Schrader valve, and a filling port. Notably, Entonox cylinders lack the regulator found on oxygen cylinders. 5. Expiry Dates Important Dates: Both types of cylinders have expiry dates, as they contain drugs. Oxygen cylinders generally have a longer lifespan compared to Nitronox or Entonox cylinders and their gas content. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4871/The_Analgesic_Gas_Cylinder-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/how-much-entonox-should-be-given https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2726.mp4 How much analgesic gas should be given Entonox: Unique Self-Administered Analgesic 1. Self-Administration Distinctive Characteristics: Entonox is a self-administered drug, allowing patients to control their own dosage. Applicable to both adults and children, provided the child can operate the equipment correctly. 2. Safety in Self-Administration Safe Usage Guidelines: Self-administration ensures safety, as the drug induces drowsiness and decreases dosage intake as drowsiness sets in. Children can use Entonox safely, as long as they can operate the delivery system independently. 3. Priming Button Caution Importance of Proper Usage: Never use the priming button to administer Entonox; it should always be self-administered. Details on the priming button will be covered later in the course. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4869/How_much_analgesic_gas_should_be_given-01.jpg Yes 78 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/nitronox-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5472.mp4 Nitronox cylinders Nitronox Cylinders: Features and Components 1. Cylinder Appearance Distinctive Colour: The shoulder of Nitronox cylinders is quartered, featuring blue and white sections. White signifies the 50% medical oxygen content, while blue represents the nitrous oxide content. The cylinder body itself is predominantly white, resembling an oxygen cylinder. 2. Cylinder Labeling Essential Information: Nitronox cylinders are equipped with barcode labels containing vital data, including expiry dates, batch numbers, and fill dates. Shoulder markings may include the cylinder's serial number, manufacture dates, or test dates. These cylinders have a 10-year lifespan and can be retested for another 10 years if they pass examination, indicated by a stamp. Product labels display the manufacturer's details, contact numbers, and safety instructions for handling the gas. 3. Cylinder Regulators Integral Regulators: Nitronox cylinders commonly feature integral regulators that cannot be detached. The regulator is equipped with a contents gauge, providing real-time gas quantity information. A quick-connect or Schrader-type connector is present for attaching ancillary equipment like demand valves. An on-off switch on the cylinder allows gas flow into the regulator from the cylinder itself. 4. Cylinder Charge Port Filling Point: A charge port on the cylinder, sealed with a dust cap, is where the cylinders are filled at the production facility. 5. Demand Valves Key Components: Demand valves used with Nitronox cylinders consist of a quick-connect Schrader-type probe for attachment to the cylinder's regulator. A hose, typically 1.5 meters or 3 meters long, extends from the probe to the demand valve. The demand valve features a test button for system testing and purging. Gas release from the demand valve occurs when it senses a patient's inhalation, allowing for self-administration of the gas. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9737/Nitronox_cylinders-01.jpg Yes 182 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/medical-gases-bag https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5444.mp4 Medical gases bag Medical Gases Backpack: Oxygen and Analgesic Gas Multi-Purpose Backpack Flexible and Efficient: This backpack serves dual purposes, accommodating both oxygen and analgesic gas. It is clearly labelled for easy identification, featuring both "analgesic gas" and "oxygen" markings. The backpack is designed for convenience, offering a user-friendly backpack-style design. Easy Access Design Accessible Compartments: Opening the backpack reveals organized compartments with essential items for pain management and oxygen administration. Suction equipment for airway clearance is readily available. A Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) with adapters ensures proper ventilation. Various airway devices, including supraglottic airways, nasal airways, and OP airways, are neatly stored. Selection of different masks, including adult and child non-rebreather masks and Venturi masks, is provided. Additional supplies, such as nasal cannulas and oxygen tubing, are on hand for various applications. Mouthpieces for analgesic gas cylinders are conveniently located in the bag. Gas Cylinder Accessibility Gas Cylinder Placement: Both oxygen and analgesic gas cylinders are securely stored in the backpack for easy access. Oxygen cylinder placement allows easy access to controls and gas identification. Analgesic gas cylinder placement facilitates quick retrieval for administration. The backpack enables the removal of the analgesic gas cylinder, making it patient-administered. Convenient Solution All-in-One Efficiency: Utilizing this backpack streamlines the process, especially when both oxygen and analgesic gas are required. Having all essential equipment in one backpack eliminates the need for separate bags. All necessary resuscitation items are conveniently stored in a single, easily transportable bag. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9693/Medical_gases_bag-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/the-entonox-regulator https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2728.mp4 The Analgesic Gas Regulator Entonox Regulator: Features and Usage 1. Unique Schrader Valve Designed for Safety: On one end of the pipe, there's a Schrader valve. The Schrader valve is exclusive to Entonox cylinders and won't fit oxygen cylinders, ensuring accident prevention. The blue and white colour scheme of the pipe clearly identifies it as an Entonox giving set. The regulator head is also colour-coded blue and white to eliminate any chances of confusion. 2. Adjustable Regulator Head Flexible Control: The regulator head is adjustable and pivotable. It features a flush button, primarily used for depressurization when detaching the cylinder or pipe. The flush button should not be used for administering Entonox. At the top, there's a blower valve, and the patient receives the Entonox through a dedicated port. 3. Sterile Mouthpiece Single-Use and Hygienic: The port for patient inhalation includes a sterile, sealed mouthpiece. The mouthpiece has a flat part designed for insertion into the patient's mouth. It's a one-time use item, ensuring hygiene and avoiding multiple use. 4. One-Way Valve Preventing Contamination: A one-way valve in the system prevents vapour, spit, or sputum from flowing back into the unit. This valve maintains the cleanliness of the Entonox delivery system. 5. Self-Administration Proper Usage: When self-administering Entonox, patients must understand how it works. The patient initiates gas administration by sucking on the pipe. Entonox will only be administered when the patient actively engages by sucking; no suction means no gas delivery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4873/The_Analgesic_Gas_Regulator-01.jpg Yes 121 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/what-are-medical-gasses https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2909.mp4 What are Medical Gasses Understanding Medical Gases 1. Introduction to Medical Gases Exploring the basics of medical gases and their importance in prehospital care. 1.1 What Are Medical Gases? Defining medical gases and their significance in the prehospital context. 2. Types of Medical Gases Examining the two main types of medical gases used in healthcare. 2.1 Oxygen Key Points: Oxygen is a single gas, not a mixture. It is sterile, pure, and used for various medical situations. Recognizable by use-by date stickers. 2.2 Entonox Key Points: Entonox is a pain-relieving gas containing nitrous oxide and oxygen. Commonly used for mild pain, sprains, strains, childbirth, chest pain, and cardiac pain. Requires mixing by inverting the cylinder to ensure a proper combination of gases. Self-administered under supervision for pain relief. 3. Understanding Medical Gases as Drugs Recognizing medical gases as drugs and their careful administration. 3.1 Oxygen as a Drug Key Considerations: Oxygen is considered a drug. Used in various medical situations, especially for patients with breathing difficulties. Must be administered carefully and to appropriate patients. 3.2 Entonox as a Drug Key Considerations: Entonox is also a drug. Commonly used for pain relief. Self-administered by patients under supervision. Requires understanding of contraindications and proper administration. 4. Administering Medical Gases Exploring the rules and regulations for administering medical gases safely and effectively. 4.1 Contraindications Key Considerations: Certain medical gases may have contraindications. Understanding interactions and when not to administer is crucial. 4.2 Rules and Regulations Key Guidelines: Adherence to rules, regulations, and safety protocols is essential. Proper training and knowledge are prerequisites for administering medical gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5209/What_are_Medical_Gasses-01.jpg Yes 254 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/maintenance-transport-storage https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2724.mp4 Entonox maintenance, transport and storage Entonox Maintenance, Transport, and Storage Safe Storage in a Vehicle Secure Storage: Store Entonox safely in a vehicle to prevent it from becoming a hazard during sudden movements or stops. Use an appropriate bag, marked in blue, to distinguish it from oxygen tanks. The case protects the bottle and helps maintain the correct gas mixture. Invert the cylinder two or three times when removing it from the bag to mix the gases. Safety Checks and Service Dates Annual Safety Checks: Refer to local trust or service policies for specific guidelines. Inspect the regulator or giving set annually, marked with a service date sticker. Ensure proper drug delivery rates and overall safety. Examine the pipe for cracks, leaks, or splits, and note its service or use-by date. Cylinder Inspection and Batch Dates Cylinder Integrity: Cylinders contain the drug mixture and must undergo regular checks. Look for batch dates on the drug for tracking purposes. Check the filling date and expiry date of the cylinder. Replace cylinders when they fall below one-quarter full to prevent contamination. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4865/Entonox_maintenance__transport_and_storage-01.jpg Yes 136 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/entonox-kit-assembly https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2723.mp4 Entonox kit assembly Assembling and Handling the Entonox Kit 1. Self-Contained Kit Complete Package: The Entonox kit is self-contained in a blue bag. When you open the bag, you'll find everything needed for patient use. Components include the regulator, mouthpiece, and the gas bottle with Schrader valve. 2. Assembly Process Step-by-Step Setup: Connect the Schrader valve on the bottle to the pipe's Schrader valve and twist until it clicks into place. Once assembled, turn on the Entonox set. Provide the assembled kit to the patient for use; Entonox is administered as the patient sucks on the tube. 3. Disassembly and Cleaning Safe Removal: After Entonox use, disassemble the kit for cleaning and storage. Remove and dispose of the one-time-use mouthpiece. Turn off the bottle to disable it. Depress the flush valve to release pressure from the pipe and regulator before detaching the pipe. Ensure depressurization to prevent accidents when disassembling. 4. Cleaning and Storage Proper Maintenance: Clean the components, including wiping them down with sterile wipes. Check the cylinder's remaining contents with the regulator. Restow the kit in its bag, reassemble, and prepare it for the next patient. 5. Documentation Record Usage: Document the use of Entonox or Nitronox on the patient report form. Provide verbal handover of drug administration to the attending medical crew. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4863/Entonox_kit_assembly-01.jpg Yes 155 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/analgesic-brands https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5470.mp4 Analgesic brands Analgesic Gases: Trade Names and Composition 1. Introduction Distinguishing Analgesic Gases from Medical Oxygen: Analgesic gases have distinct trade names, unlike medical oxygen. Medical oxygen is commonly known simply as "medical oxygen" without a specific trade name. 2. Trade Names for Analgesic Gases Variety in Marketing Terms: Manufacturers of analgesic gases use unique marketing terms and trade names for their products due to the gas mixture's complexity. For instance, our product is named "Nitronox" based on our manufacturer's product name and marketing terminology. Another widely recognized trade name is "Entonox," used by a different manufacturer. 3. Commonality in Product Same Composition Inside the Cylinder: Despite differing trade names, all analgesic gas products share the same composition when contained in the cylinder. Analogous to referring to a vacuum cleaner as a "Hoover," these trade names are synonymous. 4. Nitronox Composition Mixture of Two Gases: Nitronox consists of two gases: 50% medical oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide. The gases are meticulously blended and analyzed to meet Pharmacopoeia standards. 5. Third-Party Filler Outsourcing Cylinder Filling: We utilize a third-party filler for cylinder filling due to licensing requirements. The third-party filler possesses a product license, while we hold a license for product distribution. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9729/Analgesic_brands-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/entonox-administration https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2722.mp4 Entonox administration Administering Entonox for Pain Relief Scenario: Dan's Dislocated Patella Dan has dislocated his left patella and is experiencing severe pain while awaiting emergency services. Initial Assessment and Pain Score Assessment and Pain Evaluation: Before administering Entonox, inquire if the patient has used it before. If it's their first time, provide guidance about potential side effects. Conduct a pain score assessment on a scale of 1 to 10 to establish a baseline. This baseline will help monitor the effectiveness of Entonox. Administering Entonox Safe Administration: Open the Entonox kit, take out the giving set, and the gas bottle. Turn on the gas bottle and insert the Schrader valve, ensuring it locks securely. Attach a one-time-use mouthpiece to the regulator or giving set. Ask the patient to place the mouthpiece in their mouth and inhale deeply while continuing to suck. Explain that they may feel light-headed; Entonox takes about 4-5 minutes to take effect and up to 10 minutes to peak. Monitor the pain score as they continue to use Entonox. Monitoring and Documentation Continuous Monitoring and Record Keeping: Stay with the patient until emergency services arrive. Continue assessing the pain score and note any changes. Document the start time, finish time, initial pain score, and pain score at handover to ambulance crew. Provide verbal handover of Entonox administration to the ambulance crew. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4861/Entonox_administration-01.jpg Yes 164 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/video/what-is-entonox https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2729.mp4 What is Nitronox and Entonox Understanding Entonox (Nitronox) 1. Introduction to Entonox Nitrous Oxide Analgesic: Entonox, also known as Nitronox, is an odourless and colourless gas used for pain relief. It consists of two components: 50% oxygen and 50% Nitrogen Oxide. 2. Medical Applications Pain Relief Across Various Conditions: Entonox is employed to alleviate pain ranging from mild to severe. It is categorized under drug code N00. Commonly used in cases such as pregnancy, trauma, and chest pain. 3. Cylinder Identification Recognizing Entonox Cylinders: Entonox cylinders are distinctively white and blue, distinguishing them from oxygen cylinders. Always verify the cylinder's colour and label before administering. 4. Incompatibility with Oxygen Unique Giving Sets: Entonox and oxygen use different giving sets that are not interchangeable. They are designed to be incompatible, preventing accidental mix-ups. 5. Proper Mixing Before Use Addressing Gas Separation: Due to the composition of two different gases, Nitronox can separate within the cylinder, especially in cold weather. Before administration, the cylinder must be inverted and tipped several times to thoroughly mix the gases. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4875/Providing_Analgesic_Gases-01.jpg Yes 109 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/child-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/168.mp4 Child CPR Child Cardiac Arrest: CPR and AED Guidance (Ages 1–12) Cardiac arrest in children is uncommon. When it does occur, it is usually caused by another medical emergency, most often a breathing problem, trauma, or an underlying illness, rather than a primary heart condition. Your first priority is to assess the situation quickly and understand what may have happened. Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the child, always check that it is safe to do so. Look for any dangers that could harm you or the child. If a parent, teacher, or guardian is nearby, ask for permission before intervening: “Can I help your child?” Check for Responsiveness If the child appears unresponsive, speak to them directly. Even if they cannot reply, they may still be able to hear you. Speak calmly and clearly: “Hello, my name’s Keith, I’m a first aider. Can you hear me?” If you know the child’s name, use it, as this can sometimes prompt a response. If there is no response: Gently tap the child’s shoulder or collarbone Ask again, “Are you OK? Can you hear me?” Call for Help If the child remains unresponsive, shout for help immediately. If someone is with you, ask them to call 999 on speakerphone, leave the phone with you, and bring an AED if one is available. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone yourself and continue your assessment. Check for Normal Breathing Open the airway using the head-tilt, chin-lift technique Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it if visible Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers on the bony part of the chin, gently tilting the head back Open the mouth slightly and check again for any visible obstruction Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are looking for chest rise and fall, listening for breath sounds, and feeling for air movement on your cheek. If the child is not breathing normally or is only gasping (agonal breathing), treat this as cardiac arrest. When to Start CPR If you are alone, start CPR immediately and continue for one minute before going to get help. If someone else is present, they should call 999 straight away while you start CPR. In children, cardiac arrest is often caused by a lack of oxygen, so early CPR can help restore breathing and circulation. Five Initial Rescue Breaths Begin CPR with five rescue breaths: Open the airway Pinch the nose closed Seal your mouth over the child’s mouth Breathe steadily for up to one second, just enough to see the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the next breath Repeat until five effective breaths have been delivered. Chest Compressions Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, on the lower half of the sternum, between the nipples Keep your arms straight and shoulders directly above your hand Compress the chest to one-third of its depth (approximately 4–5 cm in a small child) Compress at a rate of 100–120 per minute Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions If the child is larger or you cannot achieve enough depth, use two hands, one on top of the other. After the initial five breaths, continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths, keeping interruptions to a minimum. If two rescuers are present, swap roles every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain effective compressions. Using an AED on a Child As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the chest and one on the back between the shoulder blades For children under 25 kg (around 8 years old), position the front pad slightly to the left side of the chest If only adult pads are available, use them, ensuring they do not touch The AED will analyse the heart rhythm and advise whether a shock is needed. When instructed, ensure everyone is standing clear Make sure no one is touching the child Deliver the shock if advised Immediately resume CPR after the shock, continuing with 15 compressions and 2 breaths until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The child starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or eye opening Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue Key Points to Remember Always check for safety first Call 999 early — if alone, after one minute of CPR Give five initial rescue breaths before compressions Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as it is available Swap rescuers every two minutes where possible to maintain CPR quality Early CPR and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and confidently gives a child the best possible chance of survival. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/289/Child_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 296 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-bvm-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/166.mp4 Bag Valve Masks Using the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) for Non-Breathing Patients Introduction When rescue breaths are not feasible, the Bag Valve Mask (BVM) becomes a vital tool for delivering ventilations to a non-breathing patient. Components of the BVM Let's examine the key components of the Bag Valve Mask: Oxygen Supply: Connects to the BVM, enriching the system with oxygen. Reservoir Bag: Oxygen reservoir ensuring optimal oxygen delivery to the patient. Compressible Bag: Provides controlled oxygen flow during ventilation. Valve Mechanism: Regulates the flow of oxygen during both inhalation and exhalation. Using the BVM Proper usage of the BVM is critical for effective ventilation: Positioning: Place the mask on the patient's face, ensuring a secure seal over the nose and chin, extending to the base of the chin. Airway Management: Open the airway fully using a head tilt chin lift technique to maximize airflow. Sealing: Gently push down on the mask to maintain a seal while avoiding excessive pressure. Two-Man Technique: For optimal control, it's recommended to use a two-person approach. One person secures the mask and airway while the other operates the bag for ventilation. Single-Hand Bag Compression: When squeezing the bag, always use one hand. Using two hands may cause lung trauma and complicate future ventilation efforts. By following these guidelines, you can effectively utilize the Bag Valve Mask to provide essential ventilations to non-breathing patients. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/285/1.jpeg Yes 208 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/barriers-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/96.mp4 Using gloves Importance of Gloves in Emergency First Aid Fear of Infection in First Aid For some individuals, the fear of infection can discourage them from providing emergency first aid. However, safeguarding yourself from potential infection is crucial when assisting a patient. Gloves play a pivotal role in facilitating your response and ensuring protection. Types of Gloves Various glove options are available for first aid, with nitrile and vinyl being commonly used: Nitrile Gloves: Widely used in first aid, available in different colours, and suitable for various purposes. Vinyl Gloves: Commonly used in food preparation but less durable; handle with care to prevent tearing. Latex Gloves: Now less common due to allergy risks, particularly latex allergies. Gloves can be powdered or powder-free, with powder facilitating easier wear but posing potential allergy issues. Putting On and Changing Gloves Proper glove usage is essential: Ensure there are no rings that could damage the gloves. Inspect gloves for any holes or tears before wearing them. Follow the correct method for putting on gloves, as demonstrated in the video. If dealing with multiple patients, change gloves to prevent cross-contamination. Safe Glove Removal Removing gloves correctly is vital to prevent contact with blood or bodily fluids: Dispose of used gloves, along with other soiled items, in a biohazard bag or bin. Never dispose of gloves in general waste, as they may pose a risk to others. Workplaces may have specific rules for glove and infected material disposal; always adhere to local guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/145/Using_Gloves-01.jpg Yes 153 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-intro-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/103.mp4 Adult CPR Introduction What Is CPR and How Does It Work? CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, is a life-saving technique used when someone is not breathing normally. Its purpose is simple but vital: to keep oxygen-rich blood circulating around the body until professional help arrives. How CPR Keeps the Body Alive During CPR, you push down firmly on the chest. This action squeezes the heart, forcing blood out of it and around the body. Although CPR does not restart the heart, it helps maintain circulation to the brain and other vital organs. The heart itself is divided into two sides: The right side pumps blood to the lungs, where it picks up oxygen. The oxygen-rich blood then returns to the left side, which pumps it around the body through the arteries. This continuous cycle supplies oxygen to the organs and tissues throughout your life. The heart automatically adjusts its speed, beating faster during exercise and slowing when you rest. What Happens in Cardiac Arrest The heart beats because it produces small electrical impulses from its natural pacemakers. These signals cause the heart muscle to contract in a coordinated way. However, problems can occur. For example: A blockage can reduce the supply of oxygen-rich blood. The heart can enter cardiac arrest, where it stops beating effectively. In around 85–90% of cardiac arrests, the heart goes into a rhythm called ventricular fibrillation (VF). In VF, the heart muscle twitches or quivers instead of pumping, meaning no blood is circulated. Why CPR and Defibrillation Are Essential When the heart is in VF, CPR is used to manually pump blood by pressing on the breastbone and compressing the heart. This keeps oxygen moving around the body but does not restart the heart. The only way to restart the heart is with a defibrillator. A defibrillator delivers a controlled electrical shock designed to stop the abnormal rhythm and allow the heart to resume a normal beat. Paramedics may also give medications to support recovery. When to Start CPR CPR may sound technical, but the decision to start is very simple. You do not need to know what the heart is doing. If a person is: Unresponsive, and Not breathing normally Then CPR must be started immediately. Why Your Actions Matter Survival rates following cardiac arrest are strongly influenced by what you do: No CPR: Survival rate is around 4.3% Chest compressions only: Survival increases to around 7.7% Full CPR (compressions and breaths): Survival rises to approximately 13.6% These figures show a clear message: taking action saves lives. Key Message You do not need medical knowledge to save a life. If someone is not breathing, start CPR immediately. Chest compressions keep blood flowing, and early defibrillation gives the heart the chance to restart. Doing something is always better than doing nothing. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/159/Introduction_to_CPR.jpg Yes 156 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/portable-suction-units https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/906.mp4 Portable Suction Units Preventing Vomit Inhalation During Resuscitation 1. Immediate Action Required Clearing Vomit for Safe Resuscitation: When conducting resuscitation, it's crucial to remove any vomit from the patient's mouth beforehand. Avoid the risk of the patient inhaling vomit into their lungs during resuscitation. 2. Turning the Patient Basic Vomit Removal Technique: Turn the patient on their side to facilitate vomit drainage. 3. Utilizing a Portable Suction Unit Advanced Vomit Removal Option: In a medical setting, access to a portable suction unit is available. The portable suction unit is a basic device equipped with a handle. By squeezing the handle, you can effectively remove fluids obstructing the respiratory passage. Collected fluids are stored in the connected tank for later disposal. 4. Disinfection or Disposal Cleaning and Maintenance: After usage, the tank can be disconnected, allowing for disinfection or proper disposal of the unit. 5. Read Manufacturer's Instructions Operating Guidelines: Each portable suction unit comes with specific instructions. It is advisable to familiarize yourself with these instructions in advance to be prepared for emergencies. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1577/Portable_Suction_Units-01.jpg Yes 105 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/nasal-cannulas https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1302.mp4 Nasal Cannula Nasal Cannula: Efficient Oxygen Delivery 1. Introduction to Nasal Cannula Simple Oxygen Delivery: Nasal cannulas are devices used for oxygen delivery to patients. They connect to the constant flow outlet of an oxygen cylinder and have two small plastic prongs placed into the nostrils. 2. Oxygen Concentration Levels Adjustable Concentrations: Nasal cannulas provide oxygen at concentrations ranging from 24% to 44%, depending on factors like oxygen flow rate, the patient's nasal breathing, and speech. Higher oxygen concentrations (over 30-35%) are generally challenging to achieve with nasal cannulas. 3. Suitability and Tolerance Well-Tolerated and Limited Applicability: Nasal cannulas are suitable for patients who can breathe freely through their nose and require a lower oxygen concentration. They are generally well-tolerated and cause less discomfort compared to standard masks. Not recommended for patients needing higher oxygen concentrations. 4. Maximum Flow Rate Flow Rate and Oxygen Concentration: For safe use, the maximum flow rate should not exceed 6 litres per minute, as higher rates can lead to discomfort and issues. 5. Flow Rate vs. Oxygen Concentration Flow Rate and Corresponding Oxygen Concentrations: 1 litre per minute - 24% 2 litres per minute - 28% 3 litres per minute - 32% 4 litres per minute - 36% 5 litres per minute - 40% 6 litres per minute - 44% 6. Usage in Medical Settings Application in Medical Care: Nasal cannulas are typically not used in first aid or out-of-hospital emergency treatment as they cannot provide the higher oxygen concentrations often required in such situations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2339/Nasal_Cannula-01.jpg Yes 108 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/face-shields-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/100.mp4 How to use face shields Face Shields and Pocket Masks: Protection During First Aid Face shields offer a simple, effective, and affordable means of protection against coming into contact with vomit, blood, or other substances when providing rescue breaths. If you don't have a face shield or cannot give rescue breaths, you can perform chest compressions only. Types of Face Shields While packaging and design may vary, there are two main types of face shields: Filter paper: These face shields have filter paper to blow through. One-way valve: These face shields feature a one-way valve for exhalation. Both types allow you to squeeze the nose and provide a barrier against substances. Face shields are available with a pouch and keyring, so they're always at hand. All BSI first-aid kits include some form of face shield. Pocket Masks Pocket masks are another type of face shield. They seal around the face and feature a one-way valve for ventilation. Air enters the patient's mouth and nose during rescue breaths. Typically, pocket masks come in a plastic case. To remove the mask, push it until it pops up. An elastic band can be placed around the patient's head to secure the mask, and an air-filled sack around the mask ensures a proper seal. Pocket masks can also be used with oxygen if available. Disposing of Face Shields Face shields are single-use only and should be disposed of safely after use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/153/How_to_use_face_sheilds-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-and-anaphylaxis https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1203.mp4 Oxygen and Anaphylaxis Oxygen Administration in Anaphylactic Reactions 1. Importance of Oxygen Swift Oxygen Delivery: Administering oxygen promptly is crucial during an anaphylactic reaction. Using an oxygen mask with a reservoir, provide the highest oxygen concentration available. 2. High Flow Oxygen Effective Oxygen Flow: Ensure a high oxygen flow rate, typically exceeding 10 litres per minute, to prevent the reservoir bag from collapsing during inhalation. Maintain continuous oxygen supply throughout the procedure. 3. Ventilation in Critical Cases Tracheal Intubation or Cessation of Breathing: If the patient's trachea is intubated or they cease breathing, utilize a self-inflating bag valve mask to ventilate the lungs. This method ensures the delivery of the highest oxygen concentration to the patient. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2149/Oxygen_and_Anaphylaxis-01.jpg Yes 51 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/contra-indications-of-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1287.mp4 Contra Indications Of Oxygen The Use of Oxygen in Medical Applications: Guidelines and Precautions The Vital Role of Oxygen Understanding Oxygen's Importance in Medical Settings Recovery Promotion: Increasing Oxygen Concentrations for Healing Balance is Key: Oxygen Levels' Dual Impact on Patients Preventative Measure: Administering Oxygen in Uncertain Situations Oxygen's critical role in medical applications and the need for precautionary use. Paraquat Poisoning Considerations Special Caution with Paraquat Poisoning Exceptional Case: Rare Paraquat Poisoning and Oxygen Severe Respiratory Distress: The Only Scenario for Oxygen Use Handling Paraquat Poisoning and the specific guidelines for oxygen administration. COPD and Oxygen Use Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Unique Considerations Risk with COPD: Oxygen's Potential Harm in COPD Cases Respiratory Drive Impact: Oxygen's Effect on Breathing Managing patients with COPD, especially those retaining carbon dioxide, and the associated risks of oxygen use. Special Cases and Guidelines Specific Groups and BTS Recommendations Premature Infants: Careful Oxygen Handling in Neonatal Care Chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema: Limiting Oxygen Concentrations BTS Guidelines: British Thoracic Society's Published Recommendations Special patient groups and the importance of following BTS guidelines for safe medical oxygen use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2291/Contra_Indications_Of_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/hazards-of-using-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1290.mp4 Hazards of using oxygen Safety and Handling of Medical Oxygen: Essential Guidelines Oxygen Toxicity Hazards Understanding the Risks of Prolonged Medical Oxygen Use CNS Oxygen Toxicity: A Rare Central Nervous System Condition Pulmonary Oxygen Toxicity: Rare Pulmonary Effects While rare, the hazards of medical oxygen use include CNS and pulmonary oxygen toxicity. Oxygen's Combustion Risks Recognizing the Fire Triangle Component and Combustion Dangers Fire Triangle Component: Oxygen's Role High Combustion Potential: Vigorous Burning of Materials Dangerous Combinations: Risks with Oils, Greases, Tarry Substances, and Plastics Medical oxygen strongly supports combustion and poses risks with various substances. Equipment Handling Ensuring Safe Handling, Cleaning, and Maintenance of Equipment Proper Equipment Care: Cleaning and Maintenance as Per Manufacturer's Specifications Explosion Risks: Avoiding Carbon Build-up and Sparks Indoor Use: Ensuring Adequate Ventilation and Fire Safety Guidelines for safe handling and storage of oxygen equipment and minimizing explosion risks. Use of Oxygen with AEDs Precautions When Combining Oxygen and Automated External Defibrillators Spark Risks: Removing Oxygen Mask During AED Shock Safe Equipment: Use Only Oxygen-Compatible Devices Safely combining oxygen and AEDs while considering potential sparking hazards. Storage and Transportation Proper Handling During Storage and Transportation Correct Storage: Following Manufacturer's Recommendations Warning Signs: Display in Buildings and Vehicles Safe Transport: Securing Oxygen to Prevent Damage or Injury Regular Servicing: Ensuring Equipment Fitness Guidelines for storing, transporting, and servicing oxygen equipment. Legal Considerations Understanding Legal Requirements and Risk Assessments Prescription Status: Oxygen as a Prescription Drug in Some Countries Hazardous Substance: Conducting Workplace Risk Assessments Special Requirements: Identifying Storage and Labeling Needs Legal aspects and risk assessments related to the handling of medical oxygen. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2295/Hazards_of_using_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 145 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/initial-assessment-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/102.mp4 Initial Assessment and Recovery Position Managing an Unconscious Casualty: A First Aider’s Guide When you are called to help someone who is unconscious, your actions need to be calm, structured, and deliberate. As a first aider, your priorities are to call for help, keep yourself safe, assess the casualty, and protect their airway. Stop, Think, and Act Before approaching, pause and assess the scene. Look for hazards that could put you or the casualty at risk Remove dangers if it is safe to do so Be alert for traffic, electricity, violence, or environmental risks If possible, make sure someone is with you so they can call the emergency services if required. Initial Contact and Response Check Approach the casualty and introduce yourself: “Hello, my name’s Keith. I’m a first aider.” Gently tap the casualty on the collarbone and ask permission to help. If they are conscious, talk to them, find out what has happened, and encourage them to remain still while you assess the situation. If they are unconscious, you must immediately check whether they are breathing. Checking for Breathing To check breathing, you must first open the airway. Place one hand on the forehead and the other under the chin Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to move the tongue away from the back of the throat Briefly look inside the mouth for any obvious obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed With the airway open, look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds: Look for the chest rising and falling Listen for breathing sounds Feel for air on your cheek If the casualty is not breathing normally, you must start CPR immediately. If the Casualty Is Breathing Normally If the casualty is breathing, CPR is not required. However, you must still send someone to call an ambulance. Make sure they return and tell you when help is on the way. Your next priority is to maintain an open airway and prevent choking. Placing the Casualty in the Recovery Position The recovery position helps keep the airway open and allows fluids, such as vomit, to drain safely from the mouth. If gloves are available, put them on and carry out a quick head-to-toe check before moving the casualty: Check the head, shoulders, arms, and chest for deformity, bleeding, or fluid Check the hips and legs are in a normal position If no injuries are found, place the casualty into the recovery position: How to Put Someone into the Recovery Position Kneel beside the casualty Straighten both legs and bring the feet together Place the arm nearest to you out at a right angle to the body Take the far arm and bring it across the chest, holding the hand against the cheek nearest to you With your other hand, bend the far knee so the foot is flat on the floor Using the knee as a lever, gently roll the casualty towards you onto their side Once they are on their side: Check the airway is open Tilt the head slightly back if needed to maintain breathing Adjust the legs to help support the position Ongoing Care From this point, your role is to: Keep the casualty comfortable and warm Speak to them reassuringly, even if they remain unconscious Monitor breathing continuously If you are completely alone and have no phone, you may need to leave the casualty briefly to call emergency services. If you do: Check they are breathing before you leave Check again immediately when you return Important Guidance on Injuries and the Recovery Position Current guidance from the UK Resuscitation Council and the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) states: The recovery position is ideal for an unconscious casualty who is not injured If the casualty is injured, it is usually best to leave them on their back to avoid worsening injuries If the airway is compromised, or there is fluid in the mouth, the casualty may need to be placed in the recovery position despite injury If you must leave an injured casualty to get help, place them in the recovery position to protect their airway Key Points to Remember Stop, think, and ensure the scene is safe Check response and breathing early Start CPR if they are not breathing normally Use the recovery position to protect the airway when breathing is present Monitor continuously until emergency help arrives Calm, structured actions save lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/157/Initial_Assessment___Recovery_Position.jpg Yes 231 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/non-rebreather-masks https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1301.mp4 Non Rebreather Mask Using a Non-Rebreather Mask for Oxygen Administration 1. Introduction to the Non-Rebreather Mask Overview: The non-rebreather mask is a common device for oxygen administration. It is typically supplied in plastic bags and consists of a mask and tubing. 2. Non-Rebreather Mask Components Key Components: The mask is usually flat and can be opened for use. A metal piece at the top of the mask helps secure it over the nose. Elastic straps ensure a snug fit around the patient's head. The mask has inlet ports for oxygen flow and a reservoir bag. One-way valves on the mask allow exhalation without rebreathing exhaled air. 3. Setting Up the Non-Rebreather Mask Assembly and Connection: Connect the tubing to the mask; these fittings are typically push-fit. Attach the other end of the tubing to the oxygen cylinder valve. Ensure that the oxygen flow rate is set to 15 litres per minute. 4. Using the Non-Rebreather Mask Proper Application: If the bag is not fully inflated, prime it by briefly covering the mask's inlet. Fit the mask over the patient's mouth and nose. Adjust the elastic straps for a secure and comfortable fit. Explain the use of oxygen to the patient and gain their consent. 5. Monitoring and Caution Monitoring Breathing: Continuous monitoring of the patient's breathing is essential. Ensure the oxygen cylinder is positioned to prevent kinks or damage to the tubing. 6. Special Considerations with Neck Collars Using the Mask with Neck Collars: For patients with neck collars, fit the mask as usual. Instead of securing the elastic behind the head, hook it onto designated pegs on the mask. Adjust the elastic for a snug fit without compromising neck stability. Ensure oxygen management during patient transport to prevent mask dislodgment. 7. Conclusion Effective Oxygen Administration: The non-rebreather mask is a valuable tool for oxygen administration in various scenarios. Proper usage and careful monitoring are crucial to ensure patient safety and oxygen effectiveness. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2337/Non_Rebreather_Mask-01.jpg Yes 388 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/infant-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/169.mp4 Infant CPR Infant CPR: How to Resuscitate a Baby Under One Year Old In this section, we will look at how to perform CPR on an infant. An infant is defined as a child under one year old. Cardiac arrest in infants is very rare. However, when it does occur, it is almost always caused by a breathing problem, not a primary heart condition. Acting quickly and using the correct technique gives the infant the best possible chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before doing anything else, check that the area is safe. Look for hazards that could put you or the infant at risk. If it is safe, approach the infant calmly. Step 2: Check for Responsiveness Speak gently to the infant: “Hello, can you hear me?” You are looking for any sign of response. To check responsiveness: Tap or gently flick the sole of the foot Look for movement, sound, or any reaction If there is no response, shout for help immediately. Step 3: Call for Help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, leave their phone with you on speakerphone, and bring an AED if one is available. If you are alone, call 999 yourself on speakerphone and continue your assessment. The emergency call handler will give step-by-step instructions and guide you through CPR if needed. Step 4: Check for Normal Breathing Place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the bony part of the chin Gently tilt the head to a neutral position — do not overextend the neck Briefly look inside the mouth for any visible obstruction and remove it only if it can be seen and easily removed Keep the airway open and look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds You are checking for chest movement, breathing sounds, and air on your cheek. If the infant is not breathing normally or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Step 5: Give Five Initial Rescue Breaths Because infant cardiac arrest is usually caused by breathing problems, rescue breaths are critical. Maintain a gentle head tilt and chin lift Place your mouth over the infant’s mouth and nose, forming a complete seal Blow gently for about one second, just enough to make the chest rise Allow the chest to fall before the next breath Give five rescue breaths in total. If the chest does not rise, recheck the airway position and seal before trying again. Step 6: Start Chest Compressions After the five rescue breaths, begin chest compressions: Place your two thumbs on the centre of the chest, just below the nipple line Wrap your hands around the infant’s chest, supporting the back with your fingers Compress the chest by one-third of its depth Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) Allow the chest to fully recoil between compressions Continue CPR using a ratio of 15 compressions to 2 rescue breaths. If another rescuer is available, swap every two minutes to prevent fatigue and maintain high-quality CPR. Step 7: Using an AED on an Infant As soon as an AED becomes available: Switch it on immediately and follow the voice prompts Use paediatric pads if available Place one pad on the front of the chest, slightly to the left Place the other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades Continue CPR while the AED is being applied, if possible If only adult pads are available, use them The AED will tell you when to stand clear and when to resume CPR. Resume chest compressions immediately after any shock and continue until the AED re-analyses or help arrives. Continue CPR Until The infant starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement or crying Emergency services arrive and take over You are physically unable to continue If the Infant Starts Breathing If the infant begins breathing normally: Place them in the infant recovery position on their side with the head slightly lower Or hold them in your arms in the same position Continue to monitor breathing closely until help arrives Key Points to Remember Always check for danger before approaching Call 999 early Give five gentle rescue breaths first Continue 15 compressions to 2 breaths at 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow the prompts Keep checking for normal breathing and signs of life Early recognition, early CPR, and early defibrillation save lives. Acting quickly and calmly can make all the difference. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/291/Infant_CPR.jpg Yes 287 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/pocket-mask-o2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1296.mp4 Pocket Mask with Oxygen Using a Pocket Mask for Effective Resuscitation 1. Introduction to the Pocket Mask Benefits of a Pocket Mask: The pocket mask serves as a barrier and enables the delivery of breaths to the patient. It creates a protective barrier between the rescuer and the patient. 2. Pocket Mask Components Key Components: A typical pocket mask comes in a compact case for portability. The mask is folded and secured with a clip. To prepare the mask, push it out from the case until it's ready for use. 3. Proper Mask Placement Secure Placement: Use the elastic strap to position the mask over the patient's face and secure it behind the head. This secure placement ensures effective resuscitation without constant adjustments. 4. Ensuring a Good Seal Air-Filled Sack: The mask features an air-filled sack around the outside, ensuring a tight seal around the patient's face. Rescuers can use their hands to maintain the seal while opening the airway for ventilation. 5. One-Way Valve for Safety Function of the Mouthpiece: The mouthpiece incorporates a one-way valve, allowing air to enter but preventing exhaled air from returning. This design minimizes the risk of contact with the patient's bodily fluids, such as blood or vomit. 6. Disposable and Reusable Use Disposable Nature: Pocket masks are typically disposable and should be discarded after use in real-life situations. While they can be cleaned and reused for training purposes, it's advisable to dispose of them after actual use. 7. Supplementary Oxygen Use with Supplementary Oxygen: Supplementary oxygen can be delivered using a pocket mask but only by trained individuals. An outlet on the mask allows the attachment of oxygen tubing to provide a constant oxygen supply. Oxygen flow rate should be preset to 15 litres per minute for effective resuscitation. This method can significantly increase the oxygen concentration to enhance resuscitation efforts. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2325/Pocket_Mask_with_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 252 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/demand-valves-and-mtv https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1297.mp4 Demand Valves and MTV's Demand Oxygen Valve: Essential for Specific Situations 1. Introduction to the Demand Oxygen Valve Unique Oxygen System: The demand oxygen valve differs from standard oxygen kits and is commonly found in specialized emergency ambulances. It's also utilized in the scuba diving world for providing 100% oxygen to individuals wearing masks, especially crucial in scuba diving accidents. 2. Components of the Demand Oxygen Valve Key Parts: Main True Fit Mask (Various Sizes): Ensures a secure seal around the mouth and nose, easy to take on and off. Regulator: Automatically adjusts oxygen flow based on the user's breathing rate. Manual Triggered Valve: Allows manual oxygen delivery when needed, useful during CPR. Piping: Oxygen-rated white tubing. Main Regulator with Oxygen Level Gauge: Monitors remaining oxygen supply. Continuous Oxygen Port: Compatible with various oxygen delivery devices like pocket masks, non-rebreather masks, and nasal cannulas. Additional Demand Valve Connection: Offers flexibility to add extra demand valves. Flow Rate Adjustment Knob: Allows oxygen flow rates of up to 25 litres per minute, higher than standard oxygen cylinders. 3. Pin Index System Secure Cylinder Attachment: The Pin Index System ensures a secure connection between the demand oxygen valve and the oxygen tank. It features two pins and a main oxygen feed, aligning with corresponding holes on the cylinder. Proper alignment and secure tightening are essential for safe operation. This system is crucial as it enables the demand for a higher volume of oxygen than standard medical-grade cylinders can provide. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2327/Demand_Valves_and_MTV's-01.jpg Yes 200 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/104.mp4 Adult CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Step-by-Step CPR and AED Guidance Adult cardiac arrest is a time-critical emergency, often caused by sudden cardiac arrhythmia, usually linked to underlying heart disease. Immediate action — calling for help, starting CPR, and using an AED — gives the best chance of survival. Step 1: Ensure the Scene Is Safe Before approaching the casualty, always ensure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Fire Electricity Broken glass or sharp objects If it's safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake their shoulders and ask: “Are you alright?” If there is no response, shout for help. If someone is nearby, ask them to: Call 999 immediately and put the phone on speaker Bring an AED if available If you are alone, call 999 on speakerphone so the emergency operator can guide you through CPR. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Next, you need to check for normal breathing: Open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift (place one hand on the forehead and two fingers under the chin, gently tilting the head back) Look into the mouth and remove any visible obstruction, but only if it can be easily seen and removed Look, listen, and feel for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds If the casualty is not breathing normally or only gasping, assume cardiac arrest and start CPR immediately. Step 4: Start CPR Without Delay Tell the 999 operator that the casualty is not breathing normally. The operator will dispatch an ambulance and guide you through CPR step-by-step. How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand on the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top, interlock your fingers, and keep your arms straight Press down firmly to a depth of 5–6 cm Release fully after each compression, allowing the chest to rise Continue compressions at a rate of 100–120 per minute (about two compressions per second) Tip: You can time compressions to the beat of a familiar song like “Stayin' Alive” or “Baby Shark”, both of which match the right rhythm. Step 5: Give Rescue Breaths After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths: Re-open the airway with a head-tilt, chin-lift Pinch the nose closed and seal your mouth over theirs Blow steadily for about one second, watching for the chest to rise Allow the chest to fall before giving the second breath Return immediately to chest compressions. If you are unable or unwilling to give breaths, continue with chest compressions only — these are still highly effective and strongly recommended. Step 6: Use an AED as Soon as It Arrives When an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately and follow the spoken instructions Expose the chest and attach the pads as shown on the diagram: One pad just below the right collarbone One pad on the left side of the chest, below the armpit The AED will analyse the heart rhythm. Ensure no one is touching the casualty during this step. If a shock is advised, ensure everyone is clear, say “Stand clear,” and press the shock button. Immediately resume CPR after the shock, starting with chest compressions. If no shock is advised, continue CPR as before. Step 7: Continue Until Help Arrives Continue CPR until: The person starts breathing normally or shows signs of life, such as movement, eye opening, or coughing Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If the person starts breathing normally: Stop compressions and place them in the recovery position Keep the airway open and the head slightly tilted back Monitor their breathing continuously until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone Start CPR if the person is not breathing normally Perform 30 compressions to 2 breaths, compressing 5–6 cm at a rate of 100–120 per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its voice instructions If you cannot give breaths, perform continuous chest compressions until help arrives Every second counts. Your quick actions can save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/161/ADULT_CPR_2025.jpg Yes 273 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/first-aid-recap https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1300.mp4 First Aid Recap Welcome to the Oxygen Course 1. Course Assumptions Before we begin, let's clarify some prerequisites and assumptions. 1.1 Basic First Aid Knowledge We assume you have a foundation in basic CPR, recovery position, and first aid. 2. Oxygen in First Aid Understanding the role of oxygen in first aid and CPR. 2.1 Oxygen as a Supplement Oxygen administration is an extension of standard first aid procedures. Important: CPR and initial care remain unchanged; oxygen is supplementary. 2.2 Focus of This Course Exploring the specific use of oxygen during CPR. Whether using a bag ventilation mask or pocket mask, core principles and ratios apply. 2.3 Oxygen for Breathing and Unconscious Patients Applying supplementary oxygen when dealing with various medical scenarios. Note: Core first aid and basic life support rules remain consistent. 3. Additional Resources Options for further learning and training support. 3.1 First Aid Course Refresher If you require a refresher or more foundational knowledge, consider our Pro BLS course or other first aid courses. 3.2 Advanced Oxygen Training For advanced practical use of oxygen, explore our first responder courses as a valuable complement to this course. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2335/First_Aid_Recap-01.jpg Yes 84 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/compressions-only-cpr-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/106.mp4 Compressions Only CPR Adult Cardiac Arrest: Compression-Only CPR In this film, we will show you what to do if an adult suddenly collapses and is not breathing normally, following the latest Resuscitation Council UK guidelines using compression-only CPR. Even if you have never received CPR training, your actions can still save a life. The most important things are to act quickly, call 999, start chest compressions, and keep going until help arrives. Step 1: Check for Danger Before helping, make sure the area is safe for you and others. Look for hazards such as: Traffic Electricity Fire or smoke Broken glass or sharp objects If it is safe, approach the casualty. Step 2: Check for Response Gently shake the casualty’s shoulders and shout: “Are you OK?” If there is no response: Shout for help If someone is nearby, ask them to call 999, put the phone on speaker, and fetch an AED if one is available If you are on your own, call 999 on your mobile and put it on speakerphone so the call handler can guide you. Step 3: Check for Normal Breathing Gently tilt the head back and lift the chin to open the airway Look for normal breathing for up to 10 seconds Check whether the chest rises and falls normally If the person is not breathing normally, or is only gasping, treat this as cardiac arrest. Tell the 999 operator that the person is not breathing normally. An ambulance will be dispatched immediately. Step 4: Start Chest Compressions Begin chest compressions straight away. The call handler may say: “Place the heel of your hand in the centre of the chest, put your other hand on top, and push hard and fast.” How to Perform Chest Compressions Kneel beside the casualty Place the heel of one hand in the centre of the chest, between the nipples Place your other hand on top and keep your arms straight Push down hard and fast, to a depth of 5–6 cm Allow the chest to fully rise after each compression Continue at a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute (about two per second) You can keep time to the beat of a familiar song such as “Stayin’ Alive” or “Baby Shark”, which both match the correct rhythm. Keep Going Until Help Arrives Do not stop CPR unless: The person starts breathing normally or begins to move Emergency services arrive and take over You become physically exhausted Using an AED If an AED arrives: Switch it on immediately Follow the spoken instructions The AED will tell you when to stop compressions and when to restart If the Person Starts Breathing Normally If normal breathing returns: Stop chest compressions Carefully roll the person onto their side into the recovery position Keep the airway open with the head slightly tilted back Stay with them and monitor their breathing until help arrives Key Points to Remember Call 999 immediately and use speakerphone If the person is not breathing normally, start chest compressions straight away Compress the centre of the chest 5–6 cm deep Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Use an AED as soon as possible and follow its instructions Even if you are untrained, doing something is always better than doing nothing Act fast, keep pushing, and do not stop. Your actions could save a life. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/165/ADULT_Compression_Only_CPR.jpg Yes 201 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/hypoxia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1318.mp4 Hypoxia Hypoxia: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and First Aid Types of Hypoxia Generalized and Local Hypoxia: Different Forms of Oxygen Deprivation Generalized Hypoxia: Affecting the Entire Body Altitude-Induced Hypoxia: Oxygen Deprivation at High Elevations Hypoxia during Diving: Risks in Underwater Environments Contaminated Air Supply: Hazards and Consequences Medical Conditions: Hypoxia in Heart Attacks, Poisoning, and More Intentional Hypoxia: Altitude Training for Athletic Performance Exploring the various forms and causes of hypoxia, from high-altitude sickness to medical conditions. Symptoms of Hypoxia Recognizing Signs of Oxygen Deprivation Altitude Sickness Symptoms: Gradual Onset and Effects Severe Hypoxia Symptoms: Rapid Onset and Life-Threatening Indicators Local Hypoxia: Tissue-Specific Effects and Skin Discoloration Gangrene Risk: Severe Local Hypoxia Consequences Identifying the symptoms of hypoxia, ranging from mild altitude sickness to severe, life-threatening indicators. First Aid for Hypoxia Emergency Response and Oxygen Therapy Medical Oxygen: Treatment Option for Hypoxia Pulse Oximeter: Monitoring Oxygen Levels Recognizing Signs and Symptoms: Assessing the Patient's Condition Providing first aid for hypoxia, including the use of medical oxygen and patient assessment. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2371/Hypoxia-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/abcde-approach-to-patient-care https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1276.mp4 ABCDE Approach to Patient Care ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Exploring the ABCDE Approach Let's delve deeper into patient care by expanding the ABCD approach and adding "E" to it, transforming it into the comprehensive ABCDE approach. A - Airway The "A" in ABCDE represents the Airway. Any airway obstruction is a critical emergency, necessitating immediate expert intervention. In many cases, airway obstruction occurs due to the tongue falling to the back of the throat. To assess and maintain the airway, consider the Head Tilt – Chin Lift technique. However, if you suspect a spinal injury, opt for the Jaw Thrust method. Clearing the airway allows the casualty to breathe. B - Breathing Next, the "B" signifies Breathing. In the primary assessment of breathing, it's crucial to promptly identify and address life-threatening conditions such as the absence of breathing. Assess breathing by opening the airway, positioning your ear near their mouth to observe. Look, listen, and feel for signs of breathing. Ensure you can differentiate regular breathing from agonal breathing. If the casualty isn't breathing, initiate CPR immediately. Wheezing, often caused by bronchospasms, is common in conditions like anaphylaxis. Oxygen should be administered to all critically ill patients. C - Circulation The "C" denotes Circulation. Check for adequate blood circulation by assessing capillary refill in an uninjured toe or finger and by feeling for a radial pulse. While you can also check for a Carotid pulse in the neck, it provides less information about blood pressure than the radial pulse. Note that femoral pulses are typically not assessed in a pre-hospital setting. Patients in anaphylactic shock may exhibit significantly low blood pressure. D - Disability The "D" represents Disability, focusing on any abnormalities not covered in the previous assessments. For conscious patients who can communicate, inquire about unusual sensations, pain, or any abnormal feelings. This information can be invaluable, as it may reveal hidden issues not detected in the primary assessment. Internal problems like chest pain or nausea may also be disclosed by the casualty. E - Exposure Finally, "E" stands for Exposure. To conduct a thorough examination, it's essential to expose the patient fully. Some changes, such as skin abnormalities, may be difficult to discern without full exposure. Prioritize maintaining the patient's warmth and dignity during this process. Gather a comprehensive clinical history from the patient, their relatives, friends, and other healthcare staff. If possible, review the patient's medical notes and charts to gain a more comprehensive understanding of the situation. Guidelines for the ABCDE Approach When following the ABCDE approach, always seek assistance and operate within your training and qualifications. Do not attempt any procedure unless you are fully qualified and authorised to do so. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2263/ABCDE_Approach_to_Patient_Care-01.jpg Yes 197 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/introduction-to-the-abcde-approach https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1277.mp4 Introduction to the ABCDE Approach ABCDE Approach in Patient Care Understanding the ABCDE Approach When providing care for a patient, the standard ABCDE approach is essential. This approach aligns with critical care protocols and ensures a systematic assessment and treatment plan. ABCDE stands for: Airway Breathing Circulation Disability Exposure Initial Assessment Before delving into the ABCDE breakdown, it's crucial to perform a comprehensive initial assessment and conduct regular reassessments. Prioritize addressing life-threatening issues before moving on to other aspects of the assessment. Continuously evaluate the impact of the treatments you administer. Calling for Assistance Early intervention is paramount. Don't hesitate to call for help, whether it's summoning an ambulance or a resuscitation team. Enlist the aid of bystanders to assist and manage the situation. When professional help arrives, ensure effective communication and coordination to facilitate simultaneous monitoring and treatment. Initial Treatment Goals The primary objective of initial treatments is to preserve the patient's life and achieve some degree of clinical improvement. This buys time for further treatment and the arrival of expert assistance. Keep in mind that it may take a few minutes for treatments to take effect, so maintain composure and remain vigilant. Adaptability of the ABCDE Approach The beauty of the ABCDE approach lies in its universal applicability, regardless of your level of clinical training and experience. The extent of your assessment and the treatments administered will depend on your knowledge and skills. If you encounter a problem or uncertainty, don't hesitate to seek assistance. Initial Stages Overview Prior to diving into the ABCDE approach, it's essential to adhere to certain initial stages: Ensure Personal Safety: Always prioritize your own safety. General Patient Assessment: Observe the patient's overall appearance. Assess their consciousness level by asking questions like, "How are you?" If the patient is unresponsive, gently tap them and inquire, "Are you all right?" Lack of response can be indicative of critical illness. Early Vital Signs Monitoring: Attach devices like a pulse oximeter, ECG monitor, and non-invasive blood pressure monitor as early as possible. If trained, insert an intravenous cannula promptly. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2265/Introduction_to_the_ABCDE_Approach-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/improving-compressions https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1950.mp4 Improving compressions Delivering High-Quality CPR: Position, Depth, Rate, and Technique Providing high-quality CPR is one of the most important actions you can take during cardiac arrest. Small improvements in technique can significantly increase the amount of blood delivered to the brain and heart, improving survival. Correct Position for CPR The optimal position for delivering CPR is by the side of the casualty. This allows easier movement between chest compressions and rescue breaths and helps maintain good technique. However, compressions can also be delivered from over the head if space is limited. This may be necessary in confined environments such as: Aircraft aisles Buses or coaches Trains or other restricted spaces Compression Depth: Why It Matters Fear of causing harm, fatigue, or limited upper-body strength often leads rescuers to compress too shallowly. This is one of the most common CPR errors. Current guidance recommends that adult chest compressions should be 5–6 centimetres deep. Estimating compression depth is difficult, and evidence shows that compressions are often too shallow. Importantly, compressions that are slightly too deep are far less harmful than compressions that are too shallow. Priority: Ensure adequate compression depth every time. Compression Rate: Finding the Right Speed Large studies involving more than 13,000 patients have shown that the highest survival rates occur when chest compressions are delivered at a rate of: 100–120 compressions per minute When compression rates exceed 120 per minute, compression depth often decreases. For this reason, it is important not to exceed two compressions per second. Minimising Pauses in Chest Compressions Every pause in chest compressions reduces blood flow to vital organs. Pauses commonly occur during: Defibrillation Rescue breaths AED rhythm analysis All interruptions should be kept under 10 seconds wherever possible. Clear communication between rescuers is essential to minimise these gaps and maintain effective CPR. Chest Recoil: Just as Important as Compression Allowing the chest to fully recoil after each compression is just as important as pushing down. A common mistake is leaning on the chest, which prevents full recoil. Full recoil allows better venous return to the heart, improving circulation and overall CPR effectiveness. Think of compression and recoil as equal: Compression time = recoil time Managing Fatigue During CPR Compression quality can begin to fall after as little as two minutes. If there are enough rescuers available: Swap the person delivering compressions every two minutes Ensure there is no pause while changing rescuers This helps maintain correct depth, rate, and recoil. Practice Improves Performance Regular practice is one of the best ways to improve CPR quality. Use a CPR manikin whenever possible If practising at home, use a toy or stuffed animal to rehearse hand position and technique Confidence comes from practice, and confident CPR saves lives. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3513/Improving_compressions-01.jpg Yes 181 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-provider-course-overview- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1990.mp4 Course overview Welcome to First Aid Training 1. Course Structure Discover what's covered during this comprehensive training. 1.1 Categories and Videos The course is divided into categories, each containing multiple videos. You have the flexibility to pause and review any video as needed. We regularly update our course content, including replacements and new videos. 1.2 Course Support While this is an online course, we're here to assist you throughout. Contact us via phone, email, or our online chat for any questions or concerns. 2. Course Overview Get an overview of the course content and what to expect. 2.1 First Aid Recap Review essential first aid principles. 2.2 ABCDE Approach Learn about the ABCDE approach to patient care. 2.3 Basic Life Support Explore various aspects of basic life support. Initial Assessment The Recovery Position CPR for Adults, Infants, and Children Compression-Only CPR Improving Compressions and Breaths 2.4 Oxygen Usage Understand the importance of oxygen in patient care. Hypoxia Hazards of Breathing Oxygen Indications and Contraindications of Oxygen 2.5 Oxygen Equipment Learn about oxygen equipment, storage, and transportation. Storage of Oxygen Transport of Oxygen Cylinders Portable Suction Units 2.6 Providing Oxygen Discover methods for administering oxygen. Adult Bag-Valve Masks Non-Rebreather Masks Pocket Masks https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3967/Course_overview-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/course-summary- https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4803.mp4 Course Summary Completing Your Course and Taking the Test with ProTrainings Congratulations on completing your course! Before taking the test, review the student resources section and refresh your skills. Student Resources Section Free student manual: Download your manual and other resources. Additional links: Find helpful websites to support your training. Eight-month access: Revisit the course and view any new videos added. Preparing for the Course Test Before starting the test, you can: Review the videos Read through documents and links in the student resources section Course Test Guidelines No time limit: Take the test at your own pace, but complete it in one sitting. Question format: Choose from four answers or true/false questions. Adaptive testing: Unique questions for each student, with required section passes. Retake option: Review materials and retake the test if needed. After Passing the Test Once you pass the test, you can: Print your completion certificate Print your Certified CPD statement Print the evidence-based learning statement Additional ProTrainings Courses ProTrainings offers: Over 350 courses at regional training centres or your workplace Remote virtual courses with live instructors Over 300 video online and blended courses Contact us at 01206 805359 or email support@protrainings.uk for assistance or group training solutions. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings and good luck with your test! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/8553/Course_Summary-01.jpg Yes 127 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/adult-cpr-hand-over-uk https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/105.mp4 CPR Hand Over Optimizing CPR Efforts: Sharing the Work and Guidelines 1. The Importance of Sharing CPR Efforts Providing CPR can be physically demanding and exhausting. To maintain effectiveness, consider sharing the work with another rescuer. Collaboration with another rescuer helps alleviate fatigue. CPR training is not essential for the second rescuer; instructions can be provided. 2. Coordinated CPR Assistance Efficiently coordinate CPR efforts with a second rescuer: The primary rescuer guides and demonstrates the required actions while performing chest compressions. During the breaths phase, the second rescuer prepares to immediately resume compressions once the breaths are completed. 3. Rotation Every Two Minutes Maintain CPR effectiveness through regular rotation: Consider swapping roles every two minutes to combat rescuer fatigue. If you have no additional assistance and become tired, focus on chest compressions, taking a break from breaths. 4. Staying Updated with CPR Guidelines Stay informed with the latest CPR guidelines: Adhere to the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. Stay prepared for future updates and revisions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/163/CPR_Hand_Over-01.jpg Yes 134 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/how-long-does-an-oxygen-cylinder-last https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2638.mp4 How long does an Oxygen cylinder last? Calculating Oxygen Cylinder Duration Planning Oxygen Usage Determining How Long Your Oxygen Cylinder Will Last Using the Cylinder Duration Formula Estimating Oxygen Supply Time Step 1: Cylinder Pressure Locate the cylinder pressure (psi). Subtract a residual pressure of 200 psi to account for errors. Step 2: Cylinder Constant Refer to the cylinder constant values: "D" cylinder: Constant = 0.16 "E" size: Constant = 0.28 "M" size: Constant = 1.56 "G" size: Constant = 2.41 "H" and "K" size: Constant = 3.14 Choose the constant based on your cylinder size. Step 3: Flow Rate Determine the flow rate in litres per minute. Typically, regulators provide a maximum of 15 litres per minute. Specialist applications may have higher flow rates (e.g., scuba diving, 25 litres per minute). Adjust the flow rate as needed (e.g., 6 litres per minute for a nasal cannula). Step 4: Calculate Duration Use the formula: (Tank pressure - Residual pressure) x Cylinder constant / Flow rate Calculate the time in minutes that the cylinder will last. Example Calculation Estimating Duration for a "D" Cylinder at 15 Litres Per Minute Step 1: (2000 psi - 200 psi) = 1800 psi Step 2: Cylinder Constant for "D" size = 0.16 Step 3: Flow rate = 15 litres per minute Step 4: (1800 psi x 0.16) / 15 litres per minute = 19.2 minutes Estimated Duration: Approximately 19 minutes (rounded down) Use this formula to calculate the duration of your oxygen cylinder based on your specific parameters. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5251/How_long_does_an_Oxygen_cylinder_last-01.jpg Yes 167 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/venturi-oxygen-mask https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2972.mp4 Venturi Oxygen Mask Venturi Oxygen Masks for Precise Oxygen Control 1. Introduction to Venturi Oxygen Masks Customized Oxygen Delivery: Venturi Oxygen Masks offer precise control over oxygen percentage. Especially beneficial for COPD patients to manage oxygen levels and prevent CO2 buildup. 2. Features of Venturi Oxygen Masks Variety of Options: Venturi masks come in different versions to suit various needs. Options include single-use masks, tubing, transparent masks for skin color observation, and elastic straps. Masks feature side holes for efficient air escape. Various coloured Venturi valves are available for oxygen control. 3. Oxygen Concentrations and Flow Rates Flexible Oxygen Levels: Venturi Oxygen Masks are adaptable to different flow rates, with capacities of up to 15 litres per minute. They can deliver oxygen concentrations at: 24% 28% 35% 40% 60% https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/5347/Venturi_Oxygen_Mask-01.jpg Yes 149 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/improving-breaths-2015-guidelines https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1951.mp4 Improving breaths Rescue Breaths and CPR: Guidelines and Alternatives Rescue breaths play a crucial role in CPR. They should be performed correctly and with proper techniques to maximise their effectiveness in saving lives. Proper Rescue Breath Technique CPR providers should: Give rescue breaths with an inflation duration of about 1 second. Provide sufficient volume to make the victim's chest rise. Avoid rapid or forceful breaths. Limit the time between compressions and breaths to no more than 10 seconds. Dealing with Obstructions If a breath doesn't go in: Check for obstructions in the mouth, but avoid blind finger sweeps. Re-open the airway and try again, but only attempt the recommended number of times. Alternative Breathing Methods Rescue breaths can also be delivered through: Mouth-to-nose ventilation: An acceptable alternative if the victim's mouth is injured, cannot be opened, or a seal is difficult to achieve, or if the victim is in water. Mouth-to-tracheostomy ventilation: Applicable for victims with a tracheostomy tube or tracheal stoma who require rescue breathing. Barrier Devices Barrier devices can help reduce bacteria transmission during rescue breathing. However, their effectiveness in clinical practice remains unknown. Resuscitation Council Recommendations The Resuscitation Council recommends that individuals trained in CPR should perform both rescue breaths and compressions whenever possible. This is particularly important for children, asphyxial cardiac arrest victims (e.g., drowning), and cases with delayed EMS response. Compression-only CPR should only be performed if rescuers are unable to give rescue breaths. The latest CPR guidelines are the 2021 UK and European Resuscitation Council guidelines. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/3515/Improving_breaths-01.jpg Yes 141 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-giving-set https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4052.mp4 Oxygen Giving Set Oxygen Giving Set Usage Understanding Oxygen Giving Sets Essential Equipment for Oxygen Delivery Components of an Oxygen Giving Set Exploring the Key Elements Schrader Valve: The connection point to the oxygen supply. Glass Flow Meter: Measures oxygen flow in litres per minute with a floating ball gauge. Regulator: Controls and adjusts the oxygen flow rate. Oxygen Port: Connects to the oxygen delivery device (mask or nasal cannula). Connecting the Oxygen Giving Set Securely Attaching to the Oxygen Supply On the wall of a hospital ward or in a vehicle equipped with a plumbed-in oxygen system, you'll find an oxygen port. Follow these steps to connect the oxygen giving set: Insert the Schrader valve into the oxygen port and push until it clicks and locks in place. Turn the valve on to initiate oxygen flow. Observe the flow rate on the gauge, typically set to 15 litres per minute in cardiac arrest situations. Oxygen Delivery to the Patient Administering Oxygen Safely Connect the oxygen giving set to the oxygen delivery device, such as a mask. Adjust the flow rate as needed. The patient will receive oxygen with each breath. Monitor the patient's condition and adjust the flow rate accordingly. Turn off the oxygen and dispose of the mask properly if no longer needed. The oxygen giving set remains in place for potential further use. Disconnecting the Oxygen Giving Set Safely Removing the Equipment If you need to remove the oxygen giving set: Turn off the vehicle's oxygen supply and release pressure from the system by opening the valve. Press the circle around the Schrader valve to release it, ensuring safety by depressurizing the system before removal. Always prioritize safety when handling oxygen equipment to prevent accidents and injuries. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7233/Oxygen_Giving_Set-01.jpg Yes 235 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/copd-and-oxygen-therapy https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4287.mp4 COPD and Oxygen Therapy Understanding COPD: Causes, Oxygen Levels, and Management 1. Introduction to COPD An overview of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and its impact on lung function. 1.1 What is COPD? Key Points: COPD affects lung function, impacting oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. Approximately 1.2 million diagnosed cases of COPD in the UK. Actual prevalence may be higher. 2. Causes of COPD Exploring the primary factors contributing to the development of COPD. 2.1 Leading Causes Key Factors: Major contributors include air pollution and particulate work environments. Smoking is the most significant risk factor for COPD. 3. Prevalence of COPD Understanding the prevalence of COPD and its ranking among lung conditions in the UK. 3.1 COPD Statistics Key Insights: COPD is the second most commonly diagnosed lung condition in the UK. Asthma ranks as the leading lung condition. 4. Oxygen Saturation in COPD Examining the critical oxygen saturation levels for individuals with COPD. 4.1 Oxygen Saturation Levels Important Guidelines: Normal oxygen saturation: 95-100% for individuals without COPD. Target range for COPD patients: 88-92%. 4.2 Hyperoxic Hypercapnia Understanding the Risk: Excessive oxygen levels can lead to hyperoxic hypercapnia in COPD patients. Hypercapnia results from increased carbon dioxide production due to hyperoxia. 5. Managing COPD Exploring strategies for effectively managing COPD, including oxygen therapy. 5.1 Importance of Oxygen Management Key Considerations: Regular maintenance of oxygen levels is crucial for COPD patients. Use of venturi masks to deliver specific oxygen concentrations. Frequent monitoring of oxygen saturation levels. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7697/COPD_and_Oxygen_Therapy-01.jpg Yes 119 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/hyperoxia https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/4286.mp4 Hyperoxia Understanding Hyperoxia: Causes, Symptoms, and Effects 1. Introduction to Hyperoxia An exploration of hyperoxia, its causes, and potential consequences. 1.1 What is Hyperoxia? Key Points: Hyperoxia is a condition characterized by an excess of oxygen in the body. It stands in contrast to hypoxia, which is oxygen deficiency. 2. Hyperoxia and Hypercapnia Examining the relationship between hyperoxia and hypercapnia and their impact on the body. 2.1 Hypercapnia in Hyperoxia Understanding the Connection: Hypercapnia results from excessive oxygen consumption, leading to carbon dioxide buildup. High carbon dioxide levels can disrupt blood acidity, potentially causing respiratory acidosis. 3. Risk Factors for Hyperoxia Identifying individuals and scenarios at risk of developing hyperoxia. 3.1 At-Risk Groups Groups Prone to Hyperoxia: Scuba divers and oxygen therapy recipients are susceptible to hyperoxia. Risk increases with exposure to high oxygen pressures and concentrations. 4. Effects of Oxygen Toxicity Exploring the three primary effects of oxygen toxicity on the human body. 4.1 Oxygen Toxicity Effects Impact on Health: Oxygen toxicity affects the Central Nervous System, eyes, and lungs. Untreated, these effects can be life-threatening or result in long-term consequences. 5. Recognizing Hyperoxia Symptoms Understanding the signs and symptoms of hyperoxia and the importance of seeking medical assistance. 5.1 Hyperoxia Symptoms Common Indicators: Symptoms may include disorientation, euphoria, respiratory issues, and seizures. Immediate medical attention is essential, particularly for individuals involved in activities like SCUBA diving, freediving, or oxygen therapy. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/7699/Hyperoxia-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/pulse-oximetry https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/2738.mp4 Pulse Oximetry Understanding Pulse Oximetry: Proper Usage and Considerations 1. Introduction to Pulse Oximetry An in-depth guide to the use of pulse oximetry and vital considerations. 1.1 Assessing the Patient Key Patient Assessment: Evaluate the patient's color, breathing effort, and overall condition for signs of oxygen or breathing problems. Check for muscle damage, fractures, or chest injuries, as they may impact oxygen delivery. 2. Proper Usage of Pulse Oximetry Exploring the correct application and use of pulse oximetry for accurate readings. 2.1 Placement and Precautions Crucial Placement and Precautions: Pulse oximeters are typically applied to the finger, earlobe, or nasal cavities. Nail cleanliness is essential, as nail varnish can affect accuracy. Ensure there are no restrictions on blood flow to the measurement site, including tourniquets or tight clothing. Environmental factors such as room oxygen levels and carbon monoxide should be considered for accurate readings. 2.2 Capillary Refill Quick Capillary Refill Test: Perform a capillary refill test by squeezing the finger; refill should occur in under two seconds. Delayed refill may indicate blood flow restriction, potentially affecting oximeter readings. 2.3 Assessing Finger Colour Evaluating Finger Colour: Check for cyanosis in the fingertips before attaching the pulse oximeter. Cyanosis suggests an oxygen problem and should be noted. 3. Types of Pulse Oximeters Understanding the different types of pulse oximeters and their usage. 3.1 Finger Probes and Ambulance Probes Varieties of Pulse Oximeters: There are two main types: small finger probes and more complex ambulance probes. 4. Interpreting Readings Deciphering pulse oximeter readings and their implications for patient care. 4.1 Oxygen Saturation Levels Understanding Oxygen Saturation: Ideal oxygen saturation range: 95-98%. Values within this range indicate sufficient oxygen supply and normal breathing. Values below 95% suggest hypoxia and the need for oxygen supplementation. 5. Making Informed Decisions Using accurate statistics and patient data to make informed decisions regarding oxygen therapy. 5.1 Data-Driven Decisions Guidance for Decision-Making: Consider patient condition, pulse oximeter readings, and clinical assessment when determining the need for oxygen therapy. Ensure decisions are based on factual information rather than assumptions. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/4895/Pulse_Oximetry-01.jpg Yes 212 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/medical-gases-bag https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5444.mp4 Medical gases bag Medical Gases Backpack: Oxygen and Analgesic Gas Multi-Purpose Backpack Flexible and Efficient: This backpack serves dual purposes, accommodating both oxygen and analgesic gas. It is clearly labelled for easy identification, featuring both "analgesic gas" and "oxygen" markings. The backpack is designed for convenience, offering a user-friendly backpack-style design. Easy Access Design Accessible Compartments: Opening the backpack reveals organized compartments with essential items for pain management and oxygen administration. Suction equipment for airway clearance is readily available. A Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) with adapters ensures proper ventilation. Various airway devices, including supraglottic airways, nasal airways, and OP airways, are neatly stored. Selection of different masks, including adult and child non-rebreather masks and Venturi masks, is provided. Additional supplies, such as nasal cannulas and oxygen tubing, are on hand for various applications. Mouthpieces for analgesic gas cylinders are conveniently located in the bag. Gas Cylinder Accessibility Gas Cylinder Placement: Both oxygen and analgesic gas cylinders are securely stored in the backpack for easy access. Oxygen cylinder placement allows easy access to controls and gas identification. Analgesic gas cylinder placement facilitates quick retrieval for administration. The backpack enables the removal of the analgesic gas cylinder, making it patient-administered. Convenient Solution All-in-One Efficiency: Utilizing this backpack streamlines the process, especially when both oxygen and analgesic gas are required. Having all essential equipment in one backpack eliminates the need for separate bags. All necessary resuscitation items are conveniently stored in a single, easily transportable bag. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9693/Medical_gases_bag-01.jpg Yes 154 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/course-introduction-o2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5449.mp4 Course introduction Welcome to the Oxygen Provider Course Overview of the Course The Oxygen Provider course offered by ProTrainings is designed to equip you with the necessary skills to handle medical oxygen in emergencies effectively. Course Benefits Flexible Learning: Watch video modules, answer knowledge review questions, and take a completion test at your own pace. Device Compatibility: Access the course on any device—computer, smartphone, or tablet. Continuous Learning: Pause and resume the course where you left off; rewatch videos and read text with subtitles for further understanding. Supportive Learning Environment: Receive additional help for incorrect answers and access resources to enhance your training experience. Completion and Certification: Upon passing the test, print your completion certificate and access downloadable resources. Additional Features Course Access: Enjoy access to course materials for eight months from the start date, even after completing the test. Updates and Support: Benefit from regular course updates and comprehensive support throughout your training. Company Solutions: Free company dashboards available for workplace training coordinators; contact us for more information. Stay Informed: Receive weekly emails with updates on new course materials, blog news, and the option to manage email preferences. We aim to provide a complete learning experience with ongoing support and updates. Thank you for choosing ProTrainings for your training needs. Good luck with your course! https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9699/Course_introduction-01.jpg Yes 142 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/obtaining-medical-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5469.mp4 Obtaining medical oxygen Compliance with MHRA Regulations for Medical Oxygen Suppliers 1. Annual Customer Credential Checks Ensuring Compliance: As suppliers, we are required to verify the credentials of our customers in compliance with MHRA regulations. Annual checks are conducted to validate customer credentials. 2. Acceptable Credentials Valid Credential Types: Credentials may include: First-aid certificates explicitly mentioning the use of medical oxygen or medical gases. Doctor's registration details, including name and GMC number. Nurse credentials with their NMC number. Paramedic qualifications, and more. These credentials are subject to annual verification and renewal upon expiration. 3. Safe Transport of Medical Oxygen Transporting Oxygen Safely: First aiders transporting medical oxygen should use specific cylinder bags with straps for securing one or two cylinders in their vehicle. We recommend displaying a green compressed gas sign on the vehicle, preferably a magnet version for easy removal when not carrying cylinders. Leaving signage on the vehicle when no cylinders are present can cause confusion during emergencies. 4. Secure Storage During Transport Safe Stowage in Vehicles: Medical gases must be stored securely in vehicles, ideally behind a bulkhead or in the boot, to prevent them from moving forward and causing harm in case of an accident. Avoid placing cylinders on seats where they can easily fall or become dislodged. Ensure that medical gases are always kept in a secure and stable manner. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9727/Obtaining_medical_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 115 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/boc-oxygen-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5447.mp4 BOC Oxygen cylinders Comparing BOC Oxygen Cylinders: A Brief Overview 1. Introduction An examination of the BOC Oxygen cylinder, highlighting its similarities to the SOS version. 1.1 BOC Oxygen Cylinder Exploring the BOC Oxygen Cylinder: Comparing the BOC Oxygen cylinder with the SOS version. Notable similarities between the two cylinders. 2. Cylinder Details Understanding the key features and components of the BOC Oxygen cylinder. 2.1 Cylinder Design Design and Appearance: The BOC Oxygen cylinder shares a similar appearance with the SOS version. Notable features include a collar around the top with barcode indications. 2.2 Gauge and Control Gauge and Control Mechanisms: Similarities with the SOS cylinder include the presence of a gauge on the front. Explore the regulator priming process and the main on/off switch. 2.3 Flow Control Flow Rate Adjustment: Discuss the constant flow outlet and the flow rate adjustment knob on the top of the cylinder. Highlight the capability of delivering oxygen at up to 15 litres per minute. 3. Conclusion Summarizing the key points about the BOC Oxygen cylinder and its similarities to the SOS version. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9695/BOC_Oxygen_cylinders-01.jpg Yes 69 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/cylinder-storage-and-maintenance https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5468.mp4 Cylinder storage and maintenance Safe Storage of Cylinders: Guidelines and Recommendations 1. Accessible Storage for Emergency Use Ensuring Availability for First Aiders: Cylinders should not be locked away, especially in premises like doctor surgeries and dental clinics. Readily accessible cylinders enable quick access for first aiders in case of emergencies. 2. Separate Storage Preventing Mixing with Other Cylinder Types: Do not store medical cylinders with other types, including industrial or gas cylinders. 3. Safe Location Optimal Storage Conditions: Avoid storing cylinders in extreme heat, near naked flames, or in areas with oil and grease exposure. Provide undercover storage to protect cylinders from outdoor elements. 4. Maintenance and Condition Ensuring Readiness for Use: Maintain cylinders in a clean and good condition at all times. Store them appropriately in cupboards or dedicated cylinder bags to maintain cleanliness. Report any signs of damage to the supplier for prompt replacement. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9725/Cylinder_storage_and_maintenance-01.jpg Yes 82 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/labelling-transport-o2 https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5466.mp4 Labelling and transport of oxygen Guidelines for Transporting Medical Oxygen 1. Displaying Compressed Gas Sign Use of the Compressed Gas Sign: When transporting medical oxygen on a vehicle, display the green diamond sticker (100 ml x 100 ml) known as the compressed gas sign. However, do not keep the sticker on the vehicle if you are not carrying any cylinders. 2. Easy-to-Attach Magnets Convenient Signage Solution: We provide magnets that can be easily attached to and detached from the vehicle. The reason for removing the signage without cylinders on board is to avoid ambiguity in case of accidents. Emergency services may assume cylinders are present and take appropriate precautions. 3. Understanding Water Capacity Measuring Cylinder Size: Cylinder sizes are measured in water capacity. For example, a two-litre cylinder, when filled with water without compression, holds two litres. Scale this up to 1,000 litres for better understanding. 4. Maximum Cylinder Limit Stay Within Safe Limits: Consider the 1,000 litres water capacity when calculating the number of cylinders your vehicle can carry. For instance, our largest 40-litre cylinders can be transported up to a limit of 25 before complying with ADR regulations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9721/Labelling_and_transport_of_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/cylinder-sizes https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5467.mp4 Cylinder sizes Understanding Oxygen and Analgesic Gas Cylinder Sizes 1. Oxygen Cylinder Sizes Exploring the various sizes of oxygen cylinders and their applications. 1.1 Available Sizes Available Oxygen Cylinder Sizes: 1 litre 2 litres 2.7 litres 8 litres 10 litres 40 litres 1.2 Diverse Industry Needs Diverse Industry Applications: Each cylinder size caters to specific industries and customer requirements. Varying sizes ensure a comprehensive range of options for different needs. 1.3 Examples of Usage Examples of Cylinder Use: Dentists typically require a 2.7-litre cylinder, exceeding minimum oxygen guidelines. GP surgeries utilize 10-litre cylinders for treatment rooms and additional gas needs. Ambulances incorporate 10-litre cylinders for pipeline systems. Paramedics on bicycles use compact 1-litre cylinders for lightweight mobility. Hospitals employ 40-litre cylinders in piped systems for specific wards and treatment rooms. 2. Analgesic Gas Cylinder Sizes Understanding the range of sizes available for analgesic gas cylinders. 2.1 Analgesic Gas Cylinder Varieties Varied Sizes for Analgesic Gas: Analgesic gas cylinders come in sizes of 1 litre, 2 litres, and 10 litres. 2.2 Tailored to Customer Needs Customized Solutions for Different Customers: The selection of cylinder sizes is based on diverse customer needs and industry requirements. 2.3 Usage Scenarios Scenarios for Analgesic Gas Cylinder Use: First aiders and paramedics often opt for 1-litre cylinders, ideal for mobility and events. 10-litre cylinders find application in treatment centers and GP surgeries, especially during minor surgeries. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9723/Cylinder_sizes-01.jpg Yes 152 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/boc-oxygen-kit https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/910.mp4 BOC Oxygen Kit LIFELINE Oxygen Kit Portable and Reliable Oxygen Support Your Essential Medical Oxygen Solution Kit Contents What's Inside the LIFELINE Kit Lightweight Oxygen Cylinder: Easy to Transport Integral Regulator: Convenient and Efficient Various Oxygen Masks: Customized Options Oxygen Delivery Flexible Oxygen Flow Rates Range: 1 to 15 Litres Per Minute Duration: Up to 30 Minutes at Highest Flow Rate Ensures Stability: Prevents Deterioration of Casualty Annual Cylinder Inspection BOC Healthcare's Quality Assurance Analyzing and Maintaining Cylinder Performance Refill and Customization Convenient Services to Meet Your Needs Next Working Day Refill Service: Prompt Support Tailoring Options: Additional Equipment Benefits Advantages of the LIFELINE Oxygen Kit Safe and User-Friendly: Suitable for All Portability: Easy to Carry Variable Flow Rates: Precise Oxygen Delivery Annual Maintenance: Reliability Assurance Refill Convenience: Timely Support Infection Risk Reduction: Minimal Patient Contact The LIFELINE Oxygen Kit offers a comprehensive solution for medical oxygen needs, ensuring portability, reliability, and ease of use. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/1585/BOC_Oxygen_Kit-01.jpg Yes 186 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-regulators https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1294.mp4 Oxygen Regulators Guide to Oxygen Regulators This guide offers an in-depth look at oxygen regulators, covering both conventional and pin index systems, and their application in medical and diving scenarios. Conventional Oxygen Regulators Typically found atop oxygen cylinders, conventional regulators are commonly used in medical settings. These regulators generally have a standard output of 15 litres per minute. Pin Index System and Separate Regulators Pin index systems, often with separate regulators, can offer higher outputs, up to 25 litres per minute. This is particularly relevant in scuba diving, where higher oxygen flow rates are needed. Adjusting the Flow on Regulators To adjust the oxygen flow rate, use the knob on the regulator. The gauge indicates the pressure in the cylinder. Ensure proper alignment of locator pins and the oxygen outlet for correct setup. Setting up the Regulator To attach the regulator, line up the pins and locator pin accurately, and then tighten it just enough to secure it in place. It is important not to overtighten to avoid damage. Operating the Oxygen Cylinder Once the regulator is set up, turn on the cylinder. The gauge will indicate the pressure level. Open the valve fully, then slightly back for safety. The oxygen can then be controlled and delivered to the required system. Tips for Safe and Effective Use Always ensure the regulator is securely attached without being overtightened. Regular checks of the setup are important to confirm that everything is functioning correctly. Note: This guide is for informational purposes. Proper training and safety procedures should always be followed when handling oxygen regulators. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2323/Oxygen_Regulators-01.jpg Yes 110 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/transport-of-cylinders https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1298.mp4 Transport of Cylinders Safe Transport and Use of Medical Oxygen Cylinders Transporting Medical Oxygen Cylinders Ensuring Safety on the Move Location and Restraint: Proper Cylinder Placement Leak Prevention: Ensuring Cylinder Integrity Driver Awareness: Hazards and Emergency Response Location and Restraint Key Steps for Safe Cylinder Transport Leak Prevention Protecting Cylinders from Potential Leaks Driver Awareness Equipping Drivers with Essential Knowledge It is crucial to follow these guidelines for the secure transport and use of medical oxygen cylinders in vehicles, ensuring the safety of all involved. Using Medical Oxygen Within a Vehicle Safety Measures for In-Vehicle Oxygen Usage No Smoking: Ensuring Smoke-Free Environments Minimal Cylinders: Efficient Gas Supply Proper Restraint: Securing Cylinders Valve Management: Cylinder Valve Guidelines Ventilation: Maintaining Fresh Air Attentiveness: Preventing Unattended Cylinders No Smoking Strict Smoking Prohibition in Vehicles Minimal Cylinders Carrying Only What's Necessary Proper Restraint Securing Cylinders During Transport Valve Management Guidelines for Cylinder Valve Usage Ventilation Maintaining Adequate Vehicle Ventilation Attentiveness Preventing Unattended Cylinders in Vehicles Adhering to these safety measures is essential when using medical oxygen within a vehicle, promoting safety during journeys and activities. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2333/Transport_of_Cylinders-01.jpg Yes 86 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/storage-of-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1289.mp4 Storage Of Oxygen Safe Storage of Oxygen Cylinders: Guidelines and Regulations Importance of Proper Oxygen Cylinder Storage Ensuring Safety and Preventing Damage Workplace Risk Assessments: Checking for Appropriate Storage Rules General Rules for Medical Oxygen Cylinder Storage: 1. Sheltered and Dry Storage Protecting Cylinders from Environmental Extremes 2. Separation from Non-Medical Cylinders Preventing Mixing of Medical and Non-Medical Gases 3. Strict Rotation of Cylinders Ensuring First-In, First-Out Usage 4. Separation within the Storage Area Keeping Different Medical Cylinders Apart 5. Vertical Storage for F-Size Cylinders and Larger 6. Horizontal Storage for E-Size Cylinders and Smaller Adhering to Specific Storage Orientations 7. Warning Notices Prohibiting Smoking and Naked Flames 8. Emergency Services Notification Ensuring Emergency Response Awareness 9. Portable Oxygen Kits and Vehicle Storage Applying Guidelines for Safe Portable Kit and Vehicle Storage Following these guidelines for the secure storage of oxygen cylinders in compliance with workplace assessments and regulations. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2297/Storage_Of_Oxygen-01.jpg Yes 92 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/oxygen-safety https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5473.mp4 Oxygen safety Safety Guidelines for Medical Oxygen and Nitronox Cylinders 1. Product Label Guidance Key Safety Information: Each cylinder is equipped with a product label containing important guidelines. Pay close attention to the dos and don'ts provided on the label. 2. Fire Risk Mitigation Managing the Main Risk: The primary risk associated with medical oxygen is fire. Oxygen enrichment significantly increases the potential for combustion. Ensure cylinders are not stored near naked flames or exposed to extreme heat. Keep them away from environments with oil and grease, as they can react with oxygen. 3. Nitronox Cylinder Safety Similar Precautions Apply: Since Nitronox contains 50% oxygen, safety measures mirror those for medical oxygen. 4. Handling Damaged Cylinders Dealing with Physical Damage: If a cylinder displays signs of physical damage, isolate it immediately. Attach a label or secure it in a locked cabinet to prevent use. Contact the supplier promptly to arrange a cylinder replacement. 5. Transporting Damaged Cylinders Exercising Caution During Transport: If a damaged cylinder needs transportation, proceed with caution. Consider contacting the supplier for on-site collection. If necessary, set the cylinder to low flow rates and vent it outdoors, not indoors. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9733/Oxygen_safety-01.jpg Yes 124 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/manufacturing-oxygen https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/5474.mp4 Manufacturing oxygen Manufacturing and Certification of Medical Oxygen 1. Oxygen Production at ASU Initial Manufacturing: Oxygen production begins at an Air Separation Unit (ASU). The ASU takes in atmospheric air and separates its components through distillation. Primarily, oxygen and nitrogen are extracted, while other gases are stored as a liquid. 2. Certification as a Medical Product Certification Process: The liquid oxygen undergoes a cleaning process. It is then certified as a medical product. Transported to the production facility in bulk tankers. 3. Transformation into Medical-Grade Gas Conversion to Gaseous Form: At the production facility, the liquid oxygen is transformed back into a gas. The gas is analyzed for compliance with pharmacopoeia standards. 4. Ensuring Purity and Compliance Quality Control Measures: Medical-grade oxygen must have a minimum purity of 99.5%. Additional checks include monitoring carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and moisture levels. All parameters must meet specified limits to maintain medical-grade status. 5. Ongoing Monitoring and Compliance Licensing and Product Lifecycle: Medical-grade oxygen is rigorously monitored throughout its lifecycle. Continuous assessments are conducted to detect and address any adverse reactions or issues. Due to its licensed status, strict quality control is maintained. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/9735/Manufacturing_oxygen-01.jpg Yes 111 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/standard-oxygen-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1295.mp4 Standard oxygen cylinder Medical Oxygen Cylinder Components The Cylinder Itself Key Information About the Cylinder Water Capacity: Measuring Cylinder Size Identification Numbers: Serial Numbers and More Life Cycle: 10-Year Re-Testing Cylinder Appearance: Pure White Design Labels: Information and Tracking Regulators: Integral Regulators Water Capacity Measuring the Size of the Cylinder Identification Numbers Understanding Serial Numbers and More Life Cycle 10-Year Re-Testing and Renewal Cylinder Appearance The Distinctive Pure White Design Labels Information and Tracking on the Cylinder Regulators The Role of Integral Regulators Medical oxygen cylinders consist of various components, each with its own specific role and information. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2329/Standard_oxygen_cylinder-01.jpg Yes 171 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/when-oxygen-is-used https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1299.mp4 When Oxygen is Used The Vital Role of Oxygen in Modern Medicine Introduction Understanding Oxygen's Historical Significance and Contemporary Importance Early Recognition: Oxygen's Respiration Support Dating Back to 1800 Medical Utilization: Oxygen's Entry into the Medical Field in 1810 Evolution of Usage: 150 Years to Widespread Medical Adoption The journey of oxygen in medicine, from its early recognition to its pivotal role today. Oxygen Therapy Advancements Progression Towards Rational and Scientific Oxygen Therapy Mid-20th Century: Transformation of Oxygen Therapy Modern Medicine: Indispensability of Oxygen Support Oxygen therapy's evolution into a rational and scientific practice, crucial in modern healthcare. Oxygen's Biological Significance Essentiality for Cell Metabolism and Physiological Function Cell Metabolism: Oxygen's Vital Role Tissue Oxygenation: Key to Normal Physiological Function Addressing Hypoxia: Elevating Inspired Oxygen Concentration Understanding how oxygen supports cellular metabolism and physiological well-being. Challenges in Oxygenation Ensuring Effective Oxygen Transfer and Adequate Ventilation Effective Oxygenation: A Prerequisite for Patient Benefit Importance of Adequate Ventilation: Maximizing Hypoxia Reversal Overcoming challenges to ensure oxygen's therapeutic benefits reach the patient. Wide Spectrum of Medical Uses Oxygen's Versatility in Diverse Medical Scenarios Anaesthetic Techniques: Foundation for Modern Anaesthesia Tissue Oxygen Restoration: Improving Options for Various Conditions Life Support: Vital for Artificially Ventilated Patients Infection Reduction: Minimizing Surgical Wound Infections Cardiovascular Stability: Aiding in Maintaining Heart Health The multifaceted applications of medical oxygen in diverse medical scenarios. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2331/When_Oxygen_is_Used-01.jpg Yes 103 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/pin-index-cylinder https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/1293.mp4 PIN INDEX cylinder Pin Index Oxygen Cylinders Introduction to Pin Index Cylinders Understanding a Different Type of Oxygen Cylinder Unique Use Cases: Specialized Applications Construction: Steel Cylinders Markings: Key Information on the Cylinder Testing Requirements: Ensuring Safety Unique Use Cases Exploring Specialized Applications Construction Steel Cylinders for Durability Markings Understanding the Cylinder's Markings Testing Requirements Ensuring the Cylinder's Safety through Testing Pin Index oxygen cylinders serve specific purposes and come with distinct features. Let's delve into their details. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/2321/PIN_INDEX_cylinder-01.jpg Yes 137 https://www.promedicalgases.co.uk/training/level-2/video/cpr-and-the-female-casualty https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/videos/course_videos/en/7122.mp4 CPR and the female casualty CPR and the Female Casualty: What Every First Aider Needs to Know In this film, we are going to look at CPR and defibrillation for a female casualty. This is an extremely important topic, as women are statistically less likely to receive life-saving CPR or early defibrillation. Understanding why this happens helps us improve care and save more lives. Why Female Casualties Receive Less CPR Research shows that a female casualty is around 25% less likely to have an AED used compared with a male casualty. The most common reason is hesitation. People often feel uncomfortable about: Exposing the chest Touching the chest area Placing AED pads around breast tissue However, the guidelines are very clear: saving a life always comes first. CPR and defibrillation must never be delayed because of modesty, embarrassment, or fear of doing something wrong. Exposing the Chest Is Essential To perform effective CPR and use an AED correctly, the chest must be exposed. This may involve: Moving clothing out of the way Adjusting or lifting a bra Removing a bra entirely if necessary The latest guidance confirms that this is appropriate, lawful, and essential during resuscitation. Never allow clothing or underwear to interfere with AED pad placement. Your priority is restoring a normal heart rhythm, not preserving modesty. Updated AED Pad Placement for Female Casualties AED pad placement has been refined in the latest guidelines to improve the electrical pathway through the ventricles of the heart. Correct positioning is especially important when working around breast tissue. Key Principles for Pad Placement Avoid placing pads directly over breast tissue Ensure full contact between the pad and the skin Follow the latest recommended positions, even if the diagrams on the AED pads show older placements Correct Pad Positions Right-side pad: Place on the upper right chest as usual, adjusting slightly if needed to avoid breast tissue Left-side pad: Place higher and further to the side, under the left armpit along the mid-axillary line This positioning improves shock effectiveness and helps avoid breast tissue completely. Chest Compressions Are the Same for Everyone Chest compressions for a female casualty are performed exactly the same as for any adult. Place your hands in the centre of the chest Compress to a depth of 5–6 cm Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute Do not alter your technique because the casualty is female. Effective compressions are critical and must always take priority. Recognising Heart Problems in Women It is also important to understand that women may present differently when experiencing heart problems. Many women do not have the classic crushing chest pain associated with heart attacks. In fact, around 25% experience more subtle symptoms, such as: Jaw pain Nausea or vomiting Shortness of breath Unusual fatigue or discomfort These symptoms can lead to delays in calling for help, increasing the risk of cardiac arrest. The Key Message When a woman suffers a cardiac arrest, immediate CPR and early defibrillation are critical. Do not delay because of: Concerns about exposing the chest Uncertainty about AED pad placement Fear of embarrassment or doing something wrong Act quickly. Act confidently. Your decisive action could save a life and significantly improve the chance of recovery. https://d3imrogdy81qei.cloudfront.net/video_images/12900/CPR_and_the_female_casualty.jpg Yes 210